ReviewBrain hemorrhages2021
The relationship between COVID-19 infection and intracranial hemorrhage: A systematic review.
Review in Brain hemorrhages, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- The impact of COVID-19 on clinical outcomes in people undergoing neurosurgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Systematic reviews · 2023Pooled it
- In-hospital case-fatality after intracerebral hemorrhage in southern Iran: a single-center retrospective study.BMC neurology · 2026Observational
- Two Cases of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Associated With COVID-19 Infection Yielding Favorable Functional Outcomes.Cureus · 2025Article
- Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhages in the Post-COVID-19 Period without Classical Risk Factors: Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes.Journal of clinical practice and research · 2025Article
- SARS-CoV-2 induces blood-brain barrier and choroid plexus barrier impairments and vascular inflammation in mice.Journal of medical virology · 2024Article
- Article
- COVID-19 Infection Is Associated With Poor Outcomes in Patients With Intracerebral Hemorrhage.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2024Observational
- Stroke and COVID-19: An Umbrella Review.Archives of academic emergency medicine · 2024Review
- Neurological complications and effects of COVID-19: Symptoms and conceivable mechanisms.Brain hemorrhages · 2023Review
- A Literature Review of Pathophysiology, Clinical Manifestations, Medications and Optimal Dosage, Outpatient, and Post-hospitalization Use of Anticoagulation in COVID-19 Patients.Anatolian journal of cardiology · 2023Review
- Subacute hemorrhagic pericardial tamponade after COVID-19 infection mimicking carcinomatous pericarditis: a case report.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2023Article
- Spontaneous Cervical Epidural Hematoma Following COVID-19 Illness Presenting to a Chiropractor: A Case Report.Cureus · 2022Article
- Vertebral artery dissecting aneurysm rupture under severe COVID-19.Brain hemorrhages · 2022Article
- Establishing causality between SARS-CoV-2 and stroke/bleeding requires a temporal relationship and plausible pathophysiology.Brain hemorrhages · 2022Article
- Article
- Acute Neurologic Complications of COVID-19 and Postacute Sequelae of COVID-19.Critical care clinics · 2022Review
- The etiology of SARS-CoV-.2 associated intra-cranial hemorrhage is broad.Brain hemorrhages · 2022Article
- Pathomechanisms and Treatment Implications for Stroke in COVID-19: A Review of the Literature.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Frequency of Neurological Diseases After COVID-19, Influenza A/B and Bacterial Pneumonia.Frontiers in neurology · 2022Article
- Special issue Editorial: Neurologic manifestations of the Covid-19 pandemic.Brain hemorrhages · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionIn addition to the deleterious effects Covid-19 has on the pulmonary and cardiovascular systems, COVID-19 can also result in damage to the nervous system. This review aims to explore current literature on the association between COVID-19 and intracranial hemorrhage (ICH).
methodsWe conducted a systematic review of PubMed for literature published on COVID-19 and ICH. Ninety-four of 295 screened papers met inclusion criteria.
resultsThe literature addressed incidence and mortality of ICH associated with Covid-19. It also revealed cases of COVID-19 patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage, intraparenchymal hemorrhage, subdural hematomas, and hemorrhage secondary to cerebral venous thrombosis and ischemic stroke. ICH during COVID-19 infections was associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Risk factors for ICH appeared to be therapeutic anticoagulation, ECMO, and mechanical ventilation. Outcomes varied widely, depending on the severity of COVID-19 infection and neurologic injury.
conclusionAlthough treatment for severe Covid-19 infections is often aimed at addressing acute respiratory distress syndrome, vasculopathy, and coagulopathy, neurologic injury can also occur. Evidence-based treatments that improve COVID-19 mortality may also increase risk for developing ICH. Providers should be aware of potential neurologic sequelae of COVID-19, diagnostic methods to rule out other causes of ICH, and treatment regimens.
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