Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34786487›Full record

ArticleTrauma surgery & acute care open2021

Driving under the influence: a multi-center evaluation of vehicular crashes in the era of cannabis legalization.

Johanna Marie Borst, Todd W Costantini, Lindsay Reilly, Alan M Smith, Robert Stabley, John Steele, Diane Wintz, Vishal Bansal, Walter L Biffl, Laura N Godat

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Trauma surgery & acute care open, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Effects of Cannabis Legalization on Road Safety: A Literature Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023
    Pooled it
  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Johanna Marie BorstDepartment of Surgery, Division of Trauma, Surgical Critical Care, Burns and Acute Care Surgery, UC San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, California, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-1838-0852
Todd W CostantiniDepartment of Surgery, Division of Trauma, Surgical Critical Care, Burns and Acute Care Surgery, UC San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, California, USA.
Lindsay ReillyDepartment of Surgery, Division of Trauma, Surgical Critical Care, Burns and Acute Care Surgery, UC San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, California, USA.
Alan M SmithDepartment of Surgery, Division of Trauma, Surgical Critical Care, Burns and Acute Care Surgery, UC San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, California, USA.
Robert StableyExaminer's Office, San Diego County Medical Examiner's Office, San Diego, California, USA.
John SteeleTrauma, Palomar Medical Center, Escondido, California, USA.
Diane WintzTrauma, Sharp Memorial Medical Center, San Diego, California, USA.
Vishal BansalTrauma, Scripps Mercy Hospital, San Diego, California, USA.
Walter L BifflTrauma, Scripps Memorial Hospital, La Jolla, California, USA.
Laura N GodatDivision of Trauma, Surgical Critical Care, Burns and Acute Care Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, California, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundEleven states have instituted laws allowing recreational cannabis use leading to growing public health concerns surrounding the effects of cannabis intoxication on driving safety. We hypothesized that after the 2016 legalization of cannabis in California, the use among vehicular injury patients would increase and be associated with increased injury severity.

methodsSan Diego County's five adult trauma center registries in were queried from January 2010 to June 2018 for motor vehicle or motorcycle crash patients with completed toxicology screens. Patients were stratified as toxicology negative (TOX-), positive for only THC (THC+), only blood alcohol >0.08% (ETOH+), THC+ETOH, or THC+ with any combination with methamphetamine or cocaine (M/C). County medical examiner data were reviewed to characterize THC use in those with deaths at the scene of injury.

resultsOf the 11,491 patients identified, there were 61.6% TOX-, 11.7% THC+, 13.7% ETOH+, 5.0% THC+ETOH, and 7.9% M/C. THC+ increased from 7.3% to 14.8% over the study period and peaked at 14.9% post-legalization in 2017. Compared with TOX- patients, THC+ patients were more likely to be male and younger. THC+ patients were also less likely to wear seatbelts (8.5% vs 14.3%, p<0.001) and had increased mean Injury Severity Score (8.4±9.4 vs 9.0±9.9, p<0.001) when compared with TOX- patients. There was no difference in in-hospital mortality between groups. From the medical examiner data of the 777 deaths on scene, 27% were THC+. DISCUSSION: THC+ toxicology screens in vehicular injury patients peaked after the 2016 legalization of cannabis. Public education on the risks of driving under the influence of cannabis should be a component of injury prevention initiatives. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: III, Prognostic.

Indexed as

injury preventiontoxicology

Identifiers

PMID34786487
PMCPMC8587622

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.