Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34786316›Full record

ArticleIEEE access : practical innovations, open solutions2021

The Chaotic Behavior of the Spread of Infection During the COVID-19 Pandemic in the United States and Globally.

Nabin Sapkota, Waldemar Karwowski, Mohammad Reza Davahli, Awad Al-Juaid, Redha Taiar, Atsuo Murata, Grzegorz Wrobel, Tadeusz Marek

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in IEEE access : practical innovations, open solutions, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
11citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

11 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
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  4. The Chaotic Behavior of the Spread of Infection during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Japan.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Nabin SapkotaDepartment of Engineering TechnologyNorthwestern State University of Louisiana Natchitoches LA 71459 USA.
Waldemar KarwowskiDepartment of Industrial Engineering and Management SystemsUniversity of Central Florida Orlando FL 32816 USA.
Mohammad Reza DavahliDepartment of Industrial Engineering and Management SystemsUniversity of Central Florida Orlando FL 32816 USA.
Awad Al-JuaidIndustrial Engineering DepartmentTaif University Taif 26571 Saudi Arabia.
Redha TaiarMATériaux et Ingénierie Mécanique (MATIM)Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne 51100 Reims France.
Atsuo MurataDepartment of Intelligent Mechanical SystemsGraduate School of Natural Science and TechnologyOkayama University Okayama 700-8530 Japan.
Grzegorz WrobelDepartment of Logistics and Process EngineeringUniversity of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszów 35-225 Rzeszów Poland.
Tadeusz MarekDepartment of Cognitive Neuroscience and NeuroergonomicsInstitute of Applied Psychology, Jagiellonian University 31-007 Kraków Poland.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

In December 2019, China announced the breakout of a new virus identified as coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19), which soon grew exponentially and resulted in a global pandemic. Despite strict actions to mitigate the spread of the virus in various countries, COVID-19 resulted in a significant loss of human life in 2020 and early 2021. To better understand the dynamics of the spread of COVID-19, evidence of its chaotic behavior in the US and globally was evaluated. A 0-1 test was used to analyze the time-series data of confirmed daily COVID-19 cases from 1/22/2020 to 12/13/2020. The results show that the behavior of the COVID-19 pandemic was chaotic in 55% of the investigated countries. Although the time-series data for the entire US was not chaotic, 39% of individual states displayed chaotic infection spread behavior based on the reported daily cases. Overall, there is evidence of chaotic behavior of the spread of COVID-19 infection worldwide, which adds to the difficulty in controlling and preventing the current pandemic.

Indexed as

0–1 testChaotic behaviorCOVID-19 pandemicspread of infections

Identifiers

PMID34786316
PMCPMC8545195

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.