Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34784651›Full record

SynthesisAddiction (Abingdon, England)2022

Youth use of e-liquid flavours-a systematic review exploring patterns of use of e-liquid flavours and associations with continued vaping, tobacco smoking uptake or cessation.

Caitlin Notley, Sarah Gentry, Sharon Cox, Martin Dockrell, Michelle Havill, Angela S Attwood, Matthew Smith, Marcus R Munafò

Open access · bronzeAbstract readSystematic Review
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Addiction (Abingdon, England), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
34citing papers in PubMed, 6 pooled it
6.4field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

34 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 72 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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  7. Trial
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  9. Effects of Nicotine Content and Preferred Flavor on Subjective Responses to E-cigarettes: A Randomized, Placebo-controlled Laboratory Study.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2024
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.

Caitlin NotleyNorwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK.ORCID 0000-0003-0876-3304
Sarah GentryNorwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-0805-0200
Sharon CoxDepartment of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, UK.ORCID 0000-0001-8494-5105
Martin DockrellPublic Health England, London, UK.
Michelle HavillPublic Health England, London, UK.
Angela S AttwoodSchool of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
Matthew SmithNorwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK.
Marcus R MunafòSchool of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-4049-993X
University of East Anglia · GBPublic Health England · GBUniversity College London · GBUniversity Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust · GBUniversity of Bristol · GB

Funding

Medical Research Council MC_UU_00011/7
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND

aimsThere is concern that young people may be attracted to e-liquid flavours, prompting long-term vaping in naive users and potentially subsequent tobacco smoking. We aimed to review the use of e-liquid flavours by young people and describe associations with uptake or cessation of both regular vaping and tobacco smoking, adverse effects and subjective experiences.

designSystematic review, including interventional, observational and qualitative studies reporting on the use of e-cigarette flavours by young people (aged < 18 years).

settingStudies published in English language from any country or cultural setting.

participantsYoung people and their carers (aged < 18 years). MEASUREMENTS: A meta-analysis was not possible due to substantial heterogeneity, inconsistency in reporting of flavour categorizations and non-interventional study designs; thus, we narratively report findings.

findingsIn total, 58 studies were included. The quality of the evidence was extremely low. Most (n = 39) studies were cross-sectional survey designs. In total, 11 longitudinal cohort studies assessed trajectories; eight qualitative studies reported on user experiences. Studies reported views and experiences of a total of 512 874 young people. Both cross-sectional and longitudinal studies suggested that flavours are important for initiation and continuation of vaping. Qualitative evidence shows interest and enjoyment in flavours. There was judged to be insufficient evidence that use of e-liquid flavours specifically is associated with uptake of smoking. No studies found clear associations between flavours and cessation in this population. We found no included reports of adverse effects of flavours.

conclusionsFlavours may be an important motivator for e-cigarette uptake, but the role of flavours in tobacco smoking uptake or cessation is unclear. The quality of the evidence on use of e-cigarette flavours by young people is low overall.

Indexed as

Electronic Nicotine Delivery SystemsSmoking CessationVapingAdolescentHumansLongitudinal StudiesTobacco SmokingE-cigarettesflavoursharm reductionsmoking cessationsmoking uptake or continuationsystematic reviewyoung people

Identifiers

PMID34784651
PMCPMC9299186
OpenAlexW3207307519

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.