ArticleScience translational medicine2022
An aluminum hydroxide:CpG adjuvant enhances protection elicited by a SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain vaccine in aged mice.
Article in Science translational medicine, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 73 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
73 citing papers in PubMed, 69 citations in OpenAlex.
- Rational design of next-generation vaccine adjuvants: From molecular mechanisms to hybrid delivery platforms.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Review
- DNA oligonucleotides block viral entry of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variants.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- International multisite implementation of distributed cell-free protein biomanufacturing to advance health and research equity.Science advances · 2026Article
- Pollen-inspired multifunctional nanocarrier for porcine circovirus 2 vaccine delivery.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Article
- Soft-Drug-Inspired MnSTF Nano-Adjuvant for Safe and Synergistic cGAS-STING Activation in Tumor Immunotherapy.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Discovery of a small molecule TLR3 agonist adjuvant.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Enantiomer-dependent and modification-free DNA matrix as an adjuvant for subunit vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 or pneumococcal infections.Nature biomedical engineering · 2025Article
- An mRNA vaccine candidate encoding cholera toxin subunit B and conserved antigens of influenza viruses confers cross-protection against influenza a viruses in adult and aged mice.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Article
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- Immunological enhancement of micro-nanoparticle formulated with risedronate and zinc as vaccine adjuvant in aged mice.Immunity & ageing : I & A · 2025Article
- Destabilising Effect of Class B CpG Adjuvants on Different Proteins and Vaccine Candidates.Vaccines · 2025Article
- Muco-Penetrating Lipid Nanoparticles Having a Liquid Core for Enhanced Intranasal mRNA Delivery.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Advances in the structure-based design of protein vaccines for respiratory infectious diseases.Computational and structural biotechnology journal · 2025Review
- Heterologous prime-pull mucosal vaccination with an adjuvanted RBD vaccine elicits robust IgA production and protects against SARS-CoV-2.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Methods integrating innate and adaptive immune responses in humanFrontiers in immunology · 2025Review
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- Enhancing antibody levels and T cell activity of quadrivalent influenza vaccine by combining it with CpG HP021.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- A novel pan-epitope based nanovaccine self-assembled with CpG enhances immune responses against flavivirus.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2024Article
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13 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
46 authors at 8 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Global deployment of vaccines that can provide protection across several age groups is still urgently needed to end the COVID-19 pandemic, especially in low- and middle-income countries. Although vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 based on mRNA and adenoviral vector technologies have been rapidly developed, additional practical and scalable SARS-CoV-2 vaccines are required to meet global demand. Protein subunit vaccines formulated with appropriate adjuvants represent an approach to address this urgent need. The receptor binding domain (RBD) is a key target of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies but is poorly immunogenic. We therefore compared pattern recognition receptor (PRR) agonists alone or formulated with aluminum hydroxide (AH) and benchmarked them against AS01B and AS03-like emulsion-based adjuvants for their potential to enhance RBD immunogenicity in young and aged mice. We found that an AH and CpG adjuvant formulation (AH:CpG) produced an 80-fold increase in anti-RBD neutralizing antibody titers in both age groups relative to AH alone and protected aged mice from the SARS-CoV-2 challenge. The AH:CpG-adjuvanted RBD vaccine elicited neutralizing antibodies against both wild-type SARS-CoV-2 and the B.1.351 (beta) variant at serum concentrations comparable to those induced by the licensed Pfizer-BioNTech BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine. AH:CpG induced similar cytokine and chemokine gene enrichment patterns in the draining lymph nodes of both young adult and aged mice and enhanced cytokine and chemokine production in human mononuclear cells of younger and older adults. These data support further development of AH:CpG-adjuvanted RBD as an affordable vaccine that may be effective across multiple age groups.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.