ArticlePacing and clinical electrophysiology : PACE2022
Immediate and long-term effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown on physical activity in patients with implanted cardiac devices.
Article in Pacing and clinical electrophysiology : PACE, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 10 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of Extreme Humidity and Heat on Ventricular Arrhythmia Risk in Patients With Cardiac Devices.JACC. Advances · 2025Article
- Long COVID and Physical Therapy: A Systematic Review.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Activity after an acute cardiovascular event-room for improvement!Journal of interventional cardiac electrophysiology : an international journal of arrhythmias and pacing · 2023Article
- Onset of the COVID-19 pandemic reduced active time in patients with implanted cardiac devices.European review of aging and physical activity : official journal of the European Group for Research into Elderly and Physical Activity · 2022Article
- "Unlocking Physical Activity" During COVID-19 in Cardiac Device Patients.Journal of cardiopulmonary rehabilitation and prevention · 2022Article
- Immediate and long-term effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown on physical activity in patients with implanted cardiac devices.Pacing and clinical electrophysiology : PACE · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPhysical activity (PA) is an important determinant of cardiovascular health that may be affected the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, we examined the immediate and long-term effects of the pandemic and lockdown on PA in patients with established cardiovascular risk.
methodsObjectively-measured daily PA data was obtained from cardiovascular implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) from 3453 U.S patients (mean and standard deviations [SD] age, 72.65 [13.24] years; 42% women). Adjusted mixed-effects models stratified by device type were used to compare daily PA from periods in 2020: pre-lockdown (March 1-14), lockdown (March 15 to May 8), and the reopening phase of the pandemic (May 9 to December 31) versus 2019. Patient characteristics and events associated with inactivity during lockdown and the proportion of patients who returned to their 2019 PA-level by the end of reopening phase (December 31, 2020) were examined.
resultsDaily PA was significantly lower during the lockdown compared to the same period in 2019 (-15%; p < .0001), especially for pacemaker patients, adults aged <65, and patients more active prior to lockdown. Non-COVID hospitalization and ICD shock were similarly associated with low PA during lockdown (p = .0001). In the reopening phase of the pandemic, PA remained 14.4% lower in the overall sample and only 23% of patients returned to their 2019 PA level by the end of follow-up.
conclusionsIn this large cohort of patients with CIEDs, PA was markedly lower during the lockdown and remained lower for months after restrictions were lifted. Strategies to maintain PA during a national emergency are urgently needed.
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