ArticlePrevention science : the official journal of the Society for Prevention Research2023
Statistical Mediation Analysis for Models with a Binary Mediator and a Binary Outcome: the Differences Between Causal and Traditional Mediation Analysis.
Article in Prevention science : the official journal of the Society for Prevention Research, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06666647 (Ambulance and Helicopter Response Times in Danish Emergency Medical Services), which is not on this map. Cited by 44 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Ambulance and Helicopter Response Times in Danish Emergency Medical Services: Protocol for an Epidemiological Study. The AHRTEMIS Study
Who cites it
44 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- A systematic review of mediation analysis frameworks in studies examining the determinants of cardiometabolic outcomes in people living with HIV.BMC medical research methodology · 2025Pooled it
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- Psychiatric History and Postpartum Depression: The Mediating Role of Obstetric Complications.Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica · 2026Article
- Is educational expansion beneficial for health? A counterfactual mediation analysis of its impact on trends of daily activity limitations among different age groups in Germany.Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique · 2026Article
- Confirmatory Person-Oriented Mediation Analysis in Categorical Variables-Options and Limitations.Integrative psychological & behavioral science · 2026Article
- Maternal depression across childhood and offspring young adult depression and anxiety: Testing adolescent emotion dynamics as transdiagnostic mechanisms.JCPP advances · 2026Article
- Precipitation variability, fertility, and metabolic stress over 5 millennia in the ancient Andes: A bioarchaeological path analysis.Science advances · 2026Article
- Mediation analysis to identify causes of racial disparity in health outcomes: a comparison of model-based and outcome-based approaches.BMC medical research methodology · 2026Article
- Age at Menarche and Risk of Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy: A Retrospective Cohort Study.Clinics and practice · 2026Article
- Relationships between combat injury, pain, mobility and post-service employment: the ADVANCE study.Occupational and environmental medicine · 2026Article
- Lower hippocampal volume partly mediates the association between rs6859 in theFrontiers in aging neuroscience · 2026Article
- Common Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase PolymorphismDiagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Sleep Disturbance as a Mediator Between Problematic Social Media Use and Depressive Symptoms Among Mexican Undergraduate Nursing Students: A Multicenter Study.European journal of investigation in health, psychology and education · 2025Article
- The role of financial scarcity in the relationship between income and health behaviors: a causal mediation analysis.BMC public health · 2025Article
- How Does the Interaction Between Preterm Delivery and Low Birthweight Contribute to Racial Disparity in Infant Mortality in the United States?Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Lower Hippocampal Volume Partly Mediates the Association Between rs6859 in themedRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- Peripheral blood metabolic profiles of chronic rhinosinusitis and their mediating role between obesity and disease.Lipids in health and disease · 2025Article
- Cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome, systemic inflammation, and incident dementia: evidence from 400,740 UK Biobank participants.Diabetology & metabolic syndrome · 2025Article
- Prenatal diagnosis mediates the relationship between disease complexity and intervention timing for congenital heart defects.Pregnancy (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2025Article
- Mediation analysis identifies causal factors that lead to increased rates of kidney transplant failure in patients with peripheral vascular disease.American journal of surgery · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Mediation analysis is an important statistical method in prevention research, as it can be used to determine effective intervention components. Traditional mediation analysis defines direct and indirect effects in terms of linear regression coefficients. It is unclear how these traditional effects are estimated in settings with binary variables. An important recent methodological advancement in the mediation analysis literature is the development of the causal mediation analysis framework. Causal mediation analysis defines causal effects as the difference between two potential outcomes. These definitions can be applied to any mediation model to estimate natural direct and indirect effects, including models with binary variables and an exposure-mediator interaction. This paper aims to clarify the similarities and differences between the causal and traditional effect estimates for mediation models with a binary mediator and a binary outcome. Causal and traditional mediation analyses were applied to an empirical example to demonstrate these similarities and differences. Causal and traditional mediation analysis provided similar controlled direct effect estimates, but different estimates of the natural direct effects, natural indirect effects, and total effect. Traditional mediation analysis methods do not generalize well to mediation models with binary variables, while the natural effect definitions can be applied to any mediation model. Causal mediation analysis is therefore the preferred method for the analysis of mediation models with binary variables.
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