ReviewFrontiers in cardiovascular medicine2021
Regulation of PCSK9 Expression and Function: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Implications.
Review in Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 60 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
60 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 112 citations in OpenAlex.
- Inclisiran SiRNA therapy for durable LDL-C reduction: a systematic review and meta-analysis highlighting a breakthrough in long-term cardiovascular risk management.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2026Pooled it
- Role of PCSK9 in hallmarks of cancer: From mechanisms to interventions (Review).Oncology letters · 2026Review
- A New Option for the Management of Dyslipidemias: Advances in Research on the Small Interfering RNA Drug Inclisiran.Reviews in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Review
- Selenium-Astaxanthin Co-Supplementation Synergistically Reduces PCSK9 Expression, Upregulates LDL Receptors, and Improves lipid profile and Cardiovascular Markers in Menopausal Ovariectomized Rats by attenuating inflammation and lipid peroxidation.Biological trace element research · 2026Article
- PCSK9 as a Potential Regulator of Endothelial Dysfunction: Mechanistic Insights and Future Directions.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Proteomics reveals spatial and molecular heterogeneities in advanced atherosclerotic carotid artery plaques.Nature cardiovascular research · 2026Article
- PCSK9 in critical illness - It's not all about lipids.Annals of clinical biochemistry · 2026Review
- PCSK9 orchestrates the antigen presentation-endothelial barrier axis to potentiate immune exclusion in colorectal cancer.Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.] · 2026Article
- Gene Therapy for Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease: Mechanisms, Translational Barriers, and the Road Ahead.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Therapeutic Potential of PCSK9 Inhibitors in Regulating Neuroinflammation in Acute Ischemic Stroke.CNS drugs · 2026Review
- Enzyme-Assisted Synthesis and In Vitro Characterization of Bifunctional PCSK9 Inhibitors.Chembiochem : a European journal of chemical biology · 2026Article
- Natural Extract Combination Modulates Intestinal Barrier and Hepatic Cholesterol via the Gut-Liver Axis In Vitro.Pharmaceutics · 2026Article
- Transforming growth factor beta reduces proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 in the supernatant of hepatic stellate cells.World journal of hepatology · 2026Article
- Diallyl trisulfide attenuates metabolic syndromeFrontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- Epigallocatechin gallate and lipid metabolism: intestinal fate, metabolite clusters, and regulatory mechanisms.Current research in food science · 2026Review
- AI-driven identification of nutrition-modulated biomarkers and drug targets for cardiovascular therapeutic mechanisms.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Identification of flavonoids from natural products against hyperlipidaemia through computational approaches.PloS one · 2026Article
- PCSK9 in Cancer: Biological Mechanisms and Implications for Therapeutic Resistance.Biomolecules · 2025Review
- The Roles of PCSK9 in Alzheimer's Disease: A Systematic Review of Clinical, Genetic, and Preclinical Evidence.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Pharmacological considerations for next-generation protein therapeutics in cardiovascular disease.The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) promotes degradation of low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) and plays a central role in regulating plasma levels of LDL cholesterol levels, lipoprotein(a) and triglyceride-rich lipoproteins, increasing the risk of cardiovascular disease. Additionally, PCSK9 promotes degradation of major histocompatibility protein class I and reduces intratumoral infiltration of cytotoxic T cells. Inhibition of PCSK9 increases expression of LDLR, thereby reducing plasma levels of lipoproteins and the risk of cardiovascular disease. PCSK9 inhibition also increases cell surface levels of major histocompatibility protein class I in cancer cells and suppresses tumor growth. Therefore, PCSK9 plays a vital role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease and cancer, the top two causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Monoclonal anti-PCSK9 antibody-based therapy is currently the only available treatment that can effectively reduce plasma LDL-C levels and suppress tumor growth. However, high expenses limit their widespread use. PCSK9 promotes lysosomal degradation of its substrates, but the detailed molecular mechanism by which PCSK9 promotes degradation of its substrates is not completely understood, impeding the development of more cost-effective alternative strategies to inhibit PCSK9. Here, we review our current understanding of PCSK9 and focus on the regulation of its expression and functions.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.