ArticleScientific reports2021
Heightened effort discounting is a common feature of both apathy and fatigue.
Article in Scientific reports, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed.
- Noninvasive Brain Stimulation over the Frontopolar Cortex Promotes Willingness to Exert Cognitive Effort in a Foraging-Like Sequential Choice Task.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2025Trial
- Neural and computational mechanisms of effort under the pressure of a deadline.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Assessing Motivation for Condom Use Among MSM: Effort Discounting as a Novel Measure of Sexual Risk.AIDS and behavior · 2026Article
- Shared and distinct features of common effort-based decision-making paradigms and their relation to brain structure and neuropsychiatric conditions: An integrated narrative review.Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience · 2026Review
- The cognitive and motor determinants of the perception of effort.Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience · 2026Article
- Risky decision-making in dementia: Exploring neural correlates and related clinical symptoms.Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience · 2025Article
- A common alteration in effort-based decision-making in apathy, anhedonia, and late circadian rhythm.eLife · 2025Article
- Article
- Day-to-day fluctuations in motivation drive effort-based decision-making.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- The effect of Huntington's disease on cognitive and physical motivation.Brain : a journal of neurology · 2024Article
- The phenotype of recovery XI: associations of sleep quality and perceived stress with discounting and quality of life in substance use recovery.Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation · 2024Article
- Probing apathy in children and adolescents with the Apathy Motivation Index-Child version.Behavior research methods · 2024Article
- How does apathy impact exploration-exploitation decision-making in older patients with neurocognitive disorders?npj aging · 2023Article
- The availability of non-instrumental information increases risky decision-making.Psychonomic bulletin & review · 2023Article
- Preferences for seeking effort or reward information bias the willingness to work.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Associations, overlaps and dissociations between apathy and fatigue.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Sleep Restriction Reduces Cognitive but Not Physical Motivation.Nature and science of sleep · 2022Article
- Neurocomputational mechanisms underlying the subjective value of information.Communications biology · 2021Article
- Apathy as a determinant of health behaviors in older adults: Implications for dementia risk reduction.Alzheimer's & dementia (Amsterdam, Netherlands)Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Apathy and fatigue have distinct aetiologies, yet can manifest in phenotypically similar ways. In particular, each can give rise to diminished goal-directed behaviour, which is often cited as a key characteristic of both traits. An important issue therefore is whether currently available approaches are capable of distinguishing between them. Here, we examined the relationship between commonly administered inventories of apathy and fatigue, and a measure of goal-directed activity that assesses the motivation to engage in effortful behaviour. 103 healthy adults completed self-report inventories on apathy (the Dimensional Apathy Scale), and fatigue (the Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory, and/or Modified Fatigue Impact Scale). In addition, all participants performed an effort discounting task, in which they made choices about their willingness to engage in physically effortful activity. Importantly, self-report ratings of apathy and fatigue were strongly correlated, suggesting that these inventories were insensitive to the fundamental differences between the two traits. Furthermore, greater effort discounting was strongly associated with higher ratings across all inventories, suggesting that a common feature of both traits is a lower motivation to engage in effortful behaviour. These results have significant implications for the assessment of both apathy and fatigue, particularly in clinical groups in which they commonly co-exist.
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