ArticleNature communications2021
Multiple stages of evolutionary change in anthrax toxin receptor expression in humans.
Article in Nature communications, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 12 citations in OpenAlex.
- Functional and computational interrogation of juvenile idiopathic arthritis risk loci in CD4+ T cells.HGG advances · 2026Article
- Identification and structural characterization of anthrax toxin receptor 2 as the Clostridium perfringens NetF receptor.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Functional and Computational Interrogation of the Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis Risk Loci Identifies Candidate Causal SNPs and Target Genes in CD4+ T cells.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- Genetic Architecture of Immune Cell DNA Methylation in the Rhesus Macaque.Molecular ecology · 2025Article
- Identification of Potential Therapeutic Targets Against Anthrax-Toxin-Induced Liver and Heart Damage.Toxins · 2025Article
- Dissection of core promoter syntax through single nucleotide resolution modeling of transcription initiation.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Investigating the Influence ofGenes · 2024Article
- Multiple stages of evolutionary change in anthrax toxin receptor expression in humans.Nature communications · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The advent of animal husbandry and hunting increased human exposure to zoonotic pathogens. To understand how a zoonotic disease may have influenced human evolution, we study changes in human expression of anthrax toxin receptor 2 (ANTXR2), which encodes a cell surface protein necessary for Bacillus anthracis virulence toxins to cause anthrax disease. In immune cells, ANTXR2 is 8-fold down-regulated in all available human samples compared to non-human primates, indicating regulatory changes early in the evolution of modern humans. We also observe multiple genetic signatures consistent with recent positive selection driving a European-specific decrease in ANTXR2 expression in multiple tissues affected by anthrax toxins. Our observations fit a model in which humans adapted to anthrax disease following early ecological changes associated with hunting and scavenging, as well as a second period of adaptation after the rise of modern agriculture.
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Registered trials
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