Observational studyBMC musculoskeletal disorders2021
The prevalence and risk factors of chronic low back pain among adults in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa: an observational cross-sectional hospital-based study.
Observational study in BMC musculoskeletal disorders, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 41 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association between pain intensity and body composition in adults with chronic non-specific low back pain: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity · 2025Pooled it
- Risk factors for low back pain amongst adults in Nigeria and South Africa: a systematic review.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2024Pooled it
- A systematic review and meta-analysis of low back pain and its associated factors among school teachers in Africa.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2023Pooled it
- Core stability exercises versus intermittent traction in management of nonspecific chronic low back pain: a randomized controlled trial.European journal of applied physiology · 2026Trial
- Effect of core stabilization exercises on lumbar multifidus morphology and functional outcomes in chronic non-specific low back pain: a randomized controlled trial.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2025Trial
- Lifestyle Intervention in People With Overweight and Obesity and Chronic Low Back Pain: Study Protocol for an International Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial.Physical therapy · 2025Article
- Cross-sectional analysis of online information on low back pain across South African chiropractic websites.Chiropractic & manual therapies · 2025Article
- Ergonomics and Occupational Health: Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices of Nurses in a Tertiary Hospital in Botswana.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Chronic low back pain management: clinical and psychophysiological outcomes of multimodal approaches-a randomised controlled trial on yoga and mindfulness.BMJ open sport & exercise medicine · 2025Article
- Prevalence and risk factors of headache in Chinese with stroke: a cross-sectional study based on CHARLS.The journal of headache and pain · 2024Article
- South African Chiropractic Students' Intentions, Motivations, and Considerations for Emigration: A Cross-Sectional Study.Journal of chiropractic humanities · 2024Article
- The distribution of work-related musculoskeletal disorders among nurses in sub-Saharan Africa: a scoping review.Systematic reviews · 2024Article
- Article
- Sugar-sweetened beverage intake and chronic low back pain.Frontiers in nutrition · 2024Article
- Comparative Risk Analysis of Low Back Pain among Professional Football, Ice Hockey, and Floorball Athletes.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2023Article
- A Brief Overview: Sex Differences in Prevalent Chronic Musculoskeletal Conditions.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- Prevalence of acute low back pain with risk of long-term disability and its correlates among medical students: A cross-sectional study.Journal of education and health promotion · 2023Article
- Exploring patients' lived experience on the barriers to accessing low back pain health services.African journal of primary health care & family medicine · 2022Article
- Prevalence and biopsychosocial factors associated with chronic low back pain in urban and rural communities in Western Africa: a population-based door-to-door survey in Benin.European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society · 2022Article
- Smoking, alcohol and coffee consumption and risk of low back pain: a Mendelian randomization study.European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundGlobally, chronic low back pain (CLBP) is the leading cause of disability associated with economic costs. However, it has received little attention in low-and-middle-income countries. This study estimated the prevalence and risk factors of CLBP among adults presenting at selected hospitals in KwaZulu-Natal. METHODOLOGY: This cross-sectional study was conducted among adults aged ≥18 years who attended the selected hospitals in KwaZulu-Natal during the study period. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data on socio-demographic, work-related factors, and information about CLBP. The SPSS version 24.0 (IBM SPSS Inc) was used for data analysis. Descriptive statistics were used for demographic characteristics of participants. CLBP risk factors were assessed using multivariate logistic regression analysis. A p-value of ≤0.05 was deemed statistically significant.
resultsA total of 678 adults participated in this study. The overall prevalence of CLBP was 18.1% (95% CI: 15.3 - 21.3) with females having a higher prevalence than males, 19.8% (95% CI: 16.0 - 24.1) and 15.85% (95% CI: 11.8 - 20.6), respectively. Using multivariate regression analysis, the following risk factors were identified: overweight (aOR: 3.7, 95% CI: 1.1 - 12.3, p = 0.032), no formal education (aOR: 6.1, 95% CI: 2.1 - 18.1, p = 0.001), lack of regular physical exercises (aOR: 2.2, 95% CI: 1.0 - 4.8, p = 0.044), smoking 1 to 10 (aOR: 4.5, 95% CI: 2.0 - 10.2, p < 0.001) and more than 11 cigarettes per day (aOR: 25.3, 95% CI: 10.4 - 61.2, p < 0.001), occasional and frequent consumption of alcohol, aOR: 2.5, 95% CI: 1.1 - 5.9, p < 0.001 and aOR: 11.3, 95% CI: 4.9 - 25.8, p < 0.001, respectively, a sedentary lifestyle (aOR: 31.8, 95% CI: 11.2 - 90.2, p < 0.001), manual work (aOR: 26.2, 95% CI: 10.1 - 68.4, p < 0.001) and a stooped sitting posture (aOR: 6.0, 95% CI: 2.0 - 17.6, p = 0.001).
conclusionThis study concluded that the prevalence of CLBP in KwaZulu-Natal is higher than in other regions, and that it is predicted by a lack of formal education, overweight, lack of regular physical exercises, smoking, alcohol consumption, sedentary lifestyle, manual work, and a stooped posture.
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