ArticleSports health
Chronic Workload, Subjective Arm Health, and Throwing Injury in High School Baseball Players: 3-Year Retrospective Pilot Study.
Article in Sports health. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Methods of Monitoring Internal and External Loads and Their Relationships with Physical Qualities, Injury, or Illness in Adolescent Athletes: A Systematic Review and Best-Evidence Synthesis.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2023Pooled it
- Advanced Analytic and Pitch-Tracking Risk Factors for Capsulolabral Injuries in Major League Baseball Pitchers.Orthopaedic journal of sports medicine · 2026Article
- Injuries in Professional Roundnet (Spikeball) Athletes.Sports medicine international open · 2026Article
- Risk Factors and Injury Prevention in the Throwing Athlete.Arthroscopy, sports medicine, and rehabilitation · 2025Article
- Preseason Workload in Collegiate Baseball Pitchers.International journal of sports physical therapy · 2025Article
- Workload Comparison of Contemporary Interval Throwing Programs and a Novel Optimized Program for Baseball Pitchers.International journal of sports physical therapy · 2024Article
- An Interval Throwing Program for Baseball Pitchers Based upon Workload Data.International journal of sports physical therapy · 2024Article
- Letter to the Editor Concerning: "An Interval Throwing Program for Baseball Pitchers Based upon Workload Data".International journal of sports physical therapy · 2024Article
- Characteristics Associated With Noncompliance of Current Pitch Smart Guidelines in High School Baseball Pitchers Throughout the United States.Orthopaedic journal of sports medicine · 2023Article
- A Plague of Their Own: Injury Incidence Remains Elevated in the 2021 Major League Baseball Season Compared to Pre-COVID-19 Seasons.International journal of sports physical therapy · 2022Article
- Training the Adolescent Athlete.Sports healthArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundBaseball workloads are monitored by pitch counts, appearances, innings per appearance, ball velocity, and distance, whereas current workload standards neglect throws made during nongame situations. The association between total workloads, subjective measures, and injury in baseball is poorly understood. The question remains whether baseball athletes are at higher risk of injury by throwing more often or if they generate injury resilience when appropriately transitioned into the higher demands of throwing. HYPOTHESIS: Increased chronic load, along with subjective arm health measures, are related to decreased injury risk. STUDY
designClinical research. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level 3.
methodsA total of 49 male baseball players (age 17.9 ± 0.4 years, height 181.8 ± 6.8 cm, body mass 80.6 ± 9.1 kg) competing at the varsity high school level were included in this 3-year retrospective data analysis from 2016 to 2019. Players wore the motusTHROW sleeve and sensor during all throwing activities.
resultsA total of 898,492 throws and 9455 athletic exposures were captured with the motusTHROW sensors. There were 24 injuries recorded throughout the 3-year analysis, with 11 throwing-related and 13 non-throwing related injuries. Results of the 1-way analysis of variance found chronic load was significantly related to throwing-injury occurrence (
conclusionThis study revealed a significant relationship between chronic load, subjective arm health, and throwing-related injury in varsity high school baseball players. Contrary to our hypothesis, increased chronic load was associated with increased injury risk. However, subjective arm health measures remain a relevant factor in assessing injury risk. Normative data for this population also provide key information around positional demands along with overall demands of the sport during the competitive season and off-season.
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