Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34781719›Full record

ArticleAnnals of internal medicine2022

A Possible Sterilizing Cure of HIV-1 Infection Without Stem Cell Transplantation.

Gabriela Turk, Kyra Seiger, Xiaodong Lian, Weiwei Sun, Elizabeth M Parsons, Ce Gao, Yelizaveta Rassadkina, Maria Laura Polo, Alejandro Czernikier, Yanina Ghiglione and 14 more

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PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Annals of internal medicine, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 44 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
44citing papers in PubMed
6.1field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

44 citing papers in PubMed, 58 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Review
  2. The HIV Reservoir and Immune Landscape Across the Life Course of Women: Implications for Cure Strategies.American journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989) · 2026
    Review
  3. The HIV reservoir landscape in elite controllers.Current opinion in HIV and AIDS · 2026
    Review
  4. Article
  5. Review
  6. Article
  7. Observational
  8. Article
  9. Review
  10. Review
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Research Toward a Cure for Perinatal HIV.Clinics in perinatology · 2024
    Review
  15. Review
  16. Review
  17. Modelling HIV-1 control and remission.NPJ systems biology and applications · 2024
    Review
  18. Review
  19. Review
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

24 authors at 7 institutions in 3 countries.

Gabriela TurkInstituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA (INBIRS), CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, and Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Microbiología, Parasitología e Inmunología, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina (G.T., N.L.).ORCID 0000-0002-4808-670X
Kyra SeigerRagon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, and Infectious Disease Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (K.S., X.L., W.S., E.M.P., C.G., M.L., X.G.Y.).ORCID 0000-0002-3106-5267
Xiaodong LianRagon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, and Infectious Disease Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (K.S., X.L., W.S., E.M.P., C.G., M.L., X.G.Y.).ORCID 0000-0002-6163-9452
Weiwei SunRagon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, and Infectious Disease Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (K.S., X.L., W.S., E.M.P., C.G., M.L., X.G.Y.).
Elizabeth M ParsonsRagon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, and Infectious Disease Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (K.S., X.L., W.S., E.M.P., C.G., M.L., X.G.Y.).ORCID 0000-0002-5962-3283
Ce GaoRagon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, and Infectious Disease Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (K.S., X.L., W.S., E.M.P., C.G., M.L., X.G.Y.).ORCID 0000-0002-3775-790X
Yelizaveta RassadkinaRagon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts (Y.R., B.D.W.).ORCID 0000-0002-2450-476X
Maria Laura PoloInstituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA (INBIRS), CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, and Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina (M.L.P., A.C., Y.G.).
Alejandro CzernikierInstituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA (INBIRS), CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, and Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina (M.L.P., A.C., Y.G.).
Yanina GhiglioneInstituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA (INBIRS), CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, and Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina (M.L.P., A.C., Y.G.).
Alejandra VellicceDepartment of Hematology, Hospital de Clínicas José de San Martín, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina (A.V.).
Joseph VarrialeDepartment of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland (J.V., J.L., R.S., J.S.).ORCID 0000-0002-9663-3325
Jun LaiDepartment of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland (J.V., J.L., R.S., J.S.).
Yuko YukiBasic Science Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, and Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland (Y.Y., M.M.).
Maureen MartinBasic Science Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, and Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland (Y.Y., M.M.).ORCID 0000-0002-0990-3500
Ajantha RhodesThe Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne and Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (A.R.).
Sharon R LewinThe Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne and Royal Melbourne Hospital, and Department of Infectious Diseases, Alfred Health and Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (S.R.L.).ORCID 0000-0002-0330-8241
Bruce D WalkerRagon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts (Y.R., B.D.W.).
Mary CarringtonRagon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, Basic Science Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, and Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland (M.C.).ORCID 0000-0002-2692-2180
Robert SilicianoDepartment of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland (J.V., J.L., R.S., J.S.).
Janet SilicianoDepartment of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland (J.V., J.L., R.S., J.S.).
Mathias LichterfeldRagon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, and Infectious Disease Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (K.S., X.L., W.S., E.M.P., C.G., M.L., X.G.Y.).
Natalia LauferInstituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA (INBIRS), CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, and Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Microbiología, Parasitología e Inmunología, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina (G.T., N.L.).ORCID 0000-0002-5690-9454
Xu G YuRagon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, and Infectious Disease Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (K.S., X.L., W.S., E.M.P., C.G., M.L., X.G.Y.).ORCID 0000-0002-3106-5267
Brigham and Women's Hospital · USConsejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas · ARJohns Hopkins University · USFrederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research · USRagon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard · USThe Royal Melbourne Hospital · AUUniversidad de Buenos Aires · AR

Funding

Delaney AIDS Research Enterprise to Cure HIVUM1AI126611 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI DEEKS, STEVEN GRANT, PICKER, LOUIS J. · 2016 to 2020
$27.9M
First-in-human study of two anti-SARS CoV-2 antibodies in health volunteersUM1AI126620 · NIAID · WISTAR INSTITUTE · PI MONTANER, LUIS J, RILEY, JAMES L. · 2016 to 2021
$24.5M
A Pilot Clinical Trial for HIV-1 EradicationU01AI117841 · NIAID · MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL · PI KURITZKES, DANIEL R., LICHTERFELD, MATHIAS · 2015 to 2020
$10.7M
A clinical trial to evaluate the impact of broadly neutralizing antibody VRC01 on HIV viral reservoir and maintenance of suppression in a cohort of early-treated children in BotswanaU01AI135940 · NIAID · HARVARD UNIVERSITY D/B/A HARVARD SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH · PI KURITZKES, DANIEL R., LICHTERFELD, MATHIAS · 2018 to 2024
$10.4M
Molecular genetics and population studies of the KIR and HLA gene complexesZIABC010792 · NCI · DIVISION OF BASIC SCIENCES - NCI · PI CARRINGTON, MARY N. · 2009 to 2025
$7.8M
HIV Reservoir Ecology of Viral Remission (PTC)R01AI150396 · NIAID · BRIGHAM AND WOMEN'S HOSPITAL · PI LI, JONATHAN · 2020 to 2025
$5.4M
Elite controllers as a model for a cure of HIV-1 infectionR37AI155171 · NIAID · MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL · PI Xu Yu · 2020 to 2026
$5.2M
Early Infant TreatmentU01AI114235 · NIAID · HARVARD SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH · PI KURITZKES, DANIEL R., LICHTERFELD, MATHIAS · 2014 to 2020
$5.1M
Immunoregulatory Function of Myelomonocytic Receptors in HIV-1 InfectionR01AI078799 · NIAID · MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL · PI YU, XU · 2008 to 2017
$4.1M
Novel single genome approaches to determine the mechanisms of HIV latent infection in blood, gut, and lymph nodesR01DK120387 · NIDDK · NORTHERN CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE/RES/EDU · PI LICHTERFELD, MATHIAS, YUKL, STEVEN A · 2019 to 2023
$4.1M
Selection and Evolution of HIV-1 reservoir cells in blood and tissuesR01AI152979 · NIAID · BRIGHAM AND WOMEN'S HOSPITAL · PI ESTES, JACOB D, LICHTERFELD, MATHIAS · 2020 to 2025
$3.8M
Molecular profile of proviral reservoirs in HIV-infected drug usersR61DA047034 · NIDA · MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL · PI LICHTERFELD, MATHIAS, YU, XU · 2018 to 2020
$3.4M
CCR NIH HHS HHSN261200800001CNCI NIH HHS HHSN261200800001ENHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL134539NIAID NIH HHS K24 AI155233NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI078799NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI120008NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI130005NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI150396NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI152979NIAID NIH HHS R21 AI116228NIAID NIH HHS R33 AI116228NIAID NIH HHS R37 AI155171NIAID NIH HHS U01 AI114235NIAID NIH HHS U01 AI117841NIAID NIH HHS U01 AI135940NIAID NIH HHS UM1 AI126611NIAID NIH HHS UM1 AI126620NIDA NIH HHS R33 DA047034NIDA NIH HHS R61 DA047034NIDDK NIH HHS R01 DK120387
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundA sterilizing cure of HIV-1 infection has been reported in 2 persons living with HIV-1 who underwent allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantations from donors who were homozygous for the CCR5Δ32 gene polymorphism. However, this has been considered elusive during natural infection.

objectiveTo evaluate persistent HIV-1 reservoir cells in an elite controller with undetectable HIV-1 viremia for more than 8 years in the absence of antiretroviral therapy.

designDetailed investigation of virologic and immunologic characteristics.

settingTertiary care centers in Buenos Aires, Argentina, and Boston, Massachusetts. PATIENT: A patient with HIV-1 infection and durable drug-free suppression of HIV-1 replication. MEASUREMENTS: Analysis of genome-intact and replication-competent HIV-1 using near-full-length individual proviral sequencing and viral outgrowth assays, respectively; analysis of HIV-1 plasma RNA by ultrasensitive HIV-1 viral load testing.

resultsNo genome-intact HIV-1 proviruses were detected in analysis of a total of 1.188 billion peripheral blood mononuclear cells and 503 million mononuclear cells from placental tissues. Seven defective proviruses, some of them derived from clonally expanded cells, were detected. A viral outgrowth assay failed to retrieve replication-competent HIV-1 from 150 million resting CD4 LIMITATIONS: Absence of evidence for intact HIV-1 proviruses in large numbers of cells is not evidence of absence of intact HIV-1 proviruses. A sterilizing cure of HIV-1 can never be empirically proved.

conclusionGenome-intact and replication-competent HIV-1 were not detected in an elite controller despite analysis of massive numbers of cells from blood and tissues, suggesting that this patient may have naturally achieved a sterilizing cure of HIV-1 infection. These observations raise the possibility that a sterilizing cure may be an extremely rare but possible outcome of HIV-1 infection. PRIMARY FUNDING SOURCE: National Institutes of Health and Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.

Indexed as

AdultArgentinaCD4-Positive T-LymphocytesFemaleGenotypeHigh-Throughput Nucleotide SequencingHIV-1HIV InfectionsHost-Pathogen InteractionsHumansMassachusettsPregnancyPregnancy OutcomeProvirusesReceptors, CCR5Viral LoadCCR5 protein, humanReceptors, CCR5

Identifiers

PMID34781719
PMCPMC9215120
OpenAlexW3214058199

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.