Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34781020›Full record

ReviewThe ocular surface2022

Diagnostic armamentarium of infectious keratitis: A comprehensive review.

Darren S J Ting, Bhavesh P Gopal, Rashmi Deshmukh, Gerami D Seitzman, Dalia G Said, Harminder S Dua

Open access · hybridAbstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in The ocular surface, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 51 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
51citing papers in PubMed
9.2field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

51 citing papers in PubMed, 77 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Review
  4. Review
  5. Article
  6. Effective automatic classification methods via deep learning for multi-type infectious keratitis diagnosis.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2026
    Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Review
  12. Article
  13. Infectious Keratitis Management: 10-Year Update.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025
    Review
  14. Review
  15. Review
  16. Observational
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.

Darren S J TingAcademic Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK; Department of Ophthalmology, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK. Electronic address: ting.darren@gmail.com.
Bhavesh P GopalDepartment of Ophthalmology, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK.
Rashmi DeshmukhDepartment of Ophthalmology, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India.
Gerami D SeitzmanFrancis I. Proctor Research Foundation, University of California, San Francisco, USA.
Dalia G SaidAcademic Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK; Department of Ophthalmology, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK.
Harminder S DuaAcademic Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK; Department of Ophthalmology, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK.
University of Nottingham · GBL V Prasad Eye Institute · INQueen's Medical Centre · GBUniversity of California, San Francisco · US

Funding

Medical Research Council MR/T001674/1
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Infectious keratitis (IK) represents the leading cause of corneal blindness worldwide, particularly in developing countries. A good outcome of IK is contingent upon timely and accurate diagnosis followed by appropriate interventions. Currently, IK is primarily diagnosed on clinical grounds supplemented by microbiological investigations such as microscopic examination with stains, and culture and sensitivity testing. Although this is the most widely accepted practice adopted in most regions, such an approach is challenged by several factors, including indistinguishable clinical features shared among different causative organisms, polymicrobial infection, long diagnostic turnaround time, and variably low culture positivity rate. In this review, we aim to provide a comprehensive overview of the current diagnostic armamentarium of IK, encompassing conventional microbiological investigations, molecular diagnostics (including polymerase chain reaction and mass spectrometry), and imaging modalities (including anterior segment optical coherence tomography and in vivo confocal microscopy). We also highlight the potential roles of emerging technologies such as next-generation sequencing, artificial intelligence-assisted platforms. and tele-medicine in shaping the future diagnostic landscape of IK.

Indexed as

Artificial IntelligenceKeratitisCorneaHumansTomography, Optical CoherenceArtificial intelligenceConfocal microscopyCorneal infectionCorneal ulcerDiagnosisMass spectrometryNext-generation sequencingPolymerase chain reaction

Identifiers

PMID34781020
PMCPMC8810150
OpenAlexW3211980636

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.