Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34780800›Full record

ArticleAmerican journal of ophthalmology2022

Dry Eye Symptoms and Signs in US Veterans With Gulf War Illness.

Victor Sanchez, Brandon S Baksh, Kimberly Cabrera, Anjalee Choudhury, Katherine Jensen, Nancy Klimas, Anat Galor

Open access · greenAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in American journal of ophthalmology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
8citing papers in PubMed
1.2field-weighted citation impact, top 20% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

8 citing papers in PubMed, 8 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. An Assessment of the Ocular Toxicity of Two Major Sources of Environmental Exposure.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2024
    Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Carbofuran pesticide toxicity to the eye.Experimental eye research · 2023
    Review
  7. Article
  8. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Victor SanchezFrom the New York University Grossman School of Medicine (V.S.), New York, New York; University of Miami Miller School of Medicine (B.S.B., A.C., N.K., A.G.), Miami, Florida; Ophthalmology, Miami Veterans Affairs Medical Center (K.C.), Miami, Florida; and Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami (A.C., A.G.), Miami, Florida, USA.
Brandon S BakshFrom the New York University Grossman School of Medicine (V.S.), New York, New York; University of Miami Miller School of Medicine (B.S.B., A.C., N.K., A.G.), Miami, Florida; Ophthalmology, Miami Veterans Affairs Medical Center (K.C.), Miami, Florida; and Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami (A.C., A.G.), Miami, Florida, USA.
Kimberly CabreraFrom the New York University Grossman School of Medicine (V.S.), New York, New York; University of Miami Miller School of Medicine (B.S.B., A.C., N.K., A.G.), Miami, Florida; Ophthalmology, Miami Veterans Affairs Medical Center (K.C.), Miami, Florida; and Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami (A.C., A.G.), Miami, Florida, USA.
Anjalee ChoudhuryFrom the New York University Grossman School of Medicine (V.S.), New York, New York; University of Miami Miller School of Medicine (B.S.B., A.C., N.K., A.G.), Miami, Florida; Ophthalmology, Miami Veterans Affairs Medical Center (K.C.), Miami, Florida; and Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami (A.C., A.G.), Miami, Florida, USA.
Katherine JensenFrom the New York University Grossman School of Medicine (V.S.), New York, New York; University of Miami Miller School of Medicine (B.S.B., A.C., N.K., A.G.), Miami, Florida; Ophthalmology, Miami Veterans Affairs Medical Center (K.C.), Miami, Florida; and Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami (A.C., A.G.), Miami, Florida, USA.
Nancy KlimasFrom the New York University Grossman School of Medicine (V.S.), New York, New York; University of Miami Miller School of Medicine (B.S.B., A.C., N.K., A.G.), Miami, Florida; Ophthalmology, Miami Veterans Affairs Medical Center (K.C.), Miami, Florida; and Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami (A.C., A.G.), Miami, Florida, USA.
Anat GalorFrom the New York University Grossman School of Medicine (V.S.), New York, New York; University of Miami Miller School of Medicine (B.S.B., A.C., N.K., A.G.), Miami, Florida; Ophthalmology, Miami Veterans Affairs Medical Center (K.C.), Miami, Florida; and Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami (A.C., A.G.), Miami, Florida, USA.. Electronic address: agalor@med.miami.edu.
University of Miami · US

Funding

Shared Equipment ModuleP30EY014801 · NEI · UNIVERSITY OF MIAMI SCHOOL OF MEDICINE · PI Victor L Perez · 2004 to 2026
$12.2M
Tear protein biomarkers of refractive surgery painR61EY032468 · NEI · OREGON HEALTH & SCIENCE UNIVERSITY · PI AICHER, SUE A, GALOR, ANAT · 2020 to 2022
$2.0M
Dry Eye and MicroenvironmentR01EY026174 · NEI · UNIVERSITY OF MIAMI SCHOOL OF MEDICINE · PI GALOR, ANAT, KUMAR, NARESH · 2016 to 2020
$1.9M
Lipid mediators and their signaling in ocular surface inflammation and meibomian gland dysfunctionI01BX004893 · VA · MIAMI VA HEALTH CARE SYSTEM · PI GALOR, ANAT, MANDAL, NAWAJES · 2021 to 2025
–
Neural mechanisms underlying photophobia and dry eyeI01CX002015 · VA · MIAMI VA HEALTH CARE SYSTEM · PI Anat Galor · 2020 to 2026
–
BLRD VA I01 BX004893CSRD VA I01 CX002015NEI NIH HHS P30 EY014801NEI NIH HHS R01 EY026174NEI NIH HHS R61 EY032468
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeTo examine dry eye (DE) symptoms and signs in individuals with vs without Gulf War illness (GWI).

designProspective cross-sectional study.

methodsWe performed a prospective, cross-sectional study of South Florida veterans who were active duty during the Gulf War era (GWE; 1990-1991) and seen at an eye clinic between October 1, 2020, and March 13, 2021. Veterans were split into 2 groups: those who met Kansas criteria for GWI (cases, n = 30) and those who did not (controls, n = 41). DE symptoms were assessed via standardized questionnaires whereas DE signs were assessed using a series of ocular surface parameters. Differences between groups were assessed via Mann-Whitney U test. Linear regression analyses were used to examine which GWI symptoms most closely aligned with DE symptoms.

resultsVeterans with GWI had higher DE symptoms scores compared to controls (Ocular Surface Disease Index [OSDI] scores: mean 41.20±22.92 vs 27.99±24.03, P = .01). In addition, veterans with GWI had higher eye pain scores compared with controls (average eye pain over past week: 2.63±2.72 vs 1.22±1.50, P = .03), including on neuropathic ocular pain questionnaires (Neuropathic Pain Symptom Inventory modified for the Eye [NPSI-E]: 17.33±17.20 vs 9.63±12.64, P = .03). DE signs were mostly similar between the groups. GWI symptoms "nausea or upset stomach" (β=14.58, SE = 3.02, P < .001) and "headache" (β=7.90, SE = 2.91, P = .011) correlated with higher OSDI scores.

conclusionIndividuals with GWI have more severe DE symptoms and ocular pain scores but similar tear and ocular surface parameters compared to controls without GWI. This finding suggests that mechanisms beyond tear dysfunction drive eye symptoms in GWI.

Indexed as

Dry Eye SyndromesPersian Gulf SyndromeVeteransCross-Sectional StudiesEye PainGulf WarHumansProspective Studies

Identifiers

PMID34780800
PMCPMC9035031
OpenAlexW3214526370

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.