ArticlePloS one2021
A simulation study of drone delivery of Automated External Defibrillator (AED) in Out of Hospital Cardiac Arrest (OHCA) in the UK.
Article in PloS one, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- Breaking the Chain of Survival: What Progetto Vita Tells Us, and What It Doesn't.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2025Article
- Flight testing of drone-delivered automated external defibrillators for simulated out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in suburban Thailand.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Drones delivering automated external defibrillators for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: A scoping review.Resuscitation plus · 2025Review
- Bystander interaction with a novel multipurpose medical drone: A simulation trial.Resuscitation plus · 2024Article
- Challenges & barriers for real-time integration of drones in emergency cardiac care: Lessons from the United States, Sweden, & Canada.Resuscitation plus · 2024Review
- Review
- The Latest in Resuscitation Research: Highlights From the 2022 American Heart Association's Resuscitation Science Symposium.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2023Article
- Automated external defibrillator delivery by drone in mountainous regions to support basic life support - A simulation study.Resuscitation plus · 2023Article
- Current summary of the evidence in drone-based emergency medical services care.Resuscitation plus · 2023Review
- The Role of Drones in Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest: A Scoping Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Article
- Application of Automated External Defibrillators in Motorcycle Ambulances in Thailand's Emergency Medical Services.Open access emergency medicine : OAEM · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundDrones are increasingly used in healthcare, and feasibility studies of deployment of Automated External Defibrillators (AED) in Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) have been conducted. Despite the potential contribution of drones to healthcare, regulatory barriers exist, including limits on flights beyond visual line-of-sight (BVLOS). The aim of this project was to deliver an AED BVLOS in Wales.
methodsWe developed of a Concept of Operations (CONOPS) to identify requirements, constraints, organisation and roles and responsibilities associated with deploying a drone to deliver an AED BVLOS. We equipped a Penguin B drone with satellite-enabled technology to enhance situational awareness and safety for the remote pilot. A BVLOS Operating Safety Case and three-week flight test programme was conducted with an AED attached directly to parachute for deployment to simulated OHCA.
resultsWe completed six flights totalling 92km, 1:02.5 hours of flight time and four successful parachute payload drops. We conducted a successful end-to-end flight demonstration of an AED delivered via BVLOS by drone to a simulated OHCA and resuscitation by lay responder's in a remote location; the final delivery of 4.5km was completed in 2:50 minutes.
conclusionWe have delivered an AED by parachute, from fixed wing drone BVLOS in the UK in simulated OHCA. This project adds to the body of knowledge required for regulatory assurance on drone use BVLOS. Further research is needed before routine use of this technology.
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