Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34780279›Full record

ArticleInfection and immunity2022

Incomplete Recruitment of Protective T Cells Is Associated with Trypanosoma cruzi Persistence in the Mouse Colon.

Alexander I Ward, Michael D Lewis, Martin C Taylor, John M Kelly

Open access · hybridAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Infection and immunity, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
14citing papers in PubMed
1.7field-weighted citation impact, top 16% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

14 citing papers in PubMed, 15 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Vaccines against chronicExpert review of vaccines · 2026
    Review
  2. Article
  3. Double negative T cells (CD4Frontiers in immunology · 2026
    Article
  4. Article
  5. Review
  6. Article
  7. Review
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Sheltered in Stromal Tissue Cells,Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022
    Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Alexander I WardDepartment of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom.
Michael D LewisDepartment of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom.
Martin C TaylorDepartment of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom.
John M KellyDepartment of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom.ORCID 0000-0003-4305-5258
London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine · GB

Funding

Medical Research Council MR/R021430/1Medical Research Council MR/T015969/1
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Trypanosoma cruzi is the etiological agent of Chagas disease. Following T cell-mediated suppression of acute-phase infection, this intracellular eukaryotic pathogen persists long-term in a limited subset of tissues at extremely low levels. The reasons for this tissue-specific chronicity are not understood. Using a dual bioluminescent-fluorescent reporter strain and highly sensitive tissue imaging that allows experimental infections to be monitored at single-cell resolution, we undertook a systematic analysis of the immunological microenvironments of rare parasitized cells in the mouse colon, a key site of persistence. We demonstrate that incomplete recruitment of T cells to a subset of colonic infection foci permits the occurrence of repeated cycles of intracellular parasite replication and differentiation to motile trypomastigotes at a frequency sufficient to perpetuate chronic infections. The lifelong persistence of parasites in this tissue site continues despite the presence, at a systemic level, of a highly effective T cell response. Overcoming this low-level dynamic host-parasite equilibrium represents a major challenge for vaccine development.

Indexed as

Chagas DiseaseTrypanosoma cruziAnimalsColonMiceT-LymphocytesChagas diseasechronic persistencecolonmurine imagingT cell recruitmentTrypanosoma cruzi

Identifiers

PMID34780279
PMCPMC8853677
OpenAlexW3211842615

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.