ArticleJMIR public health and surveillance2021
COVID-19 Vaccine-Related Attitudes and Beliefs in Canada: National Cross-sectional Survey and Cluster Analysis.
Article in JMIR public health and surveillance, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 43 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
43 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy: Umbrella Review of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2024Pooled it
- Prevalence and factors related to COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and unwillingness in Canada: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of medical virology · 2023Pooled it
- Attitudes of COVID-19 vaccination among college students: A systematic review and meta-analysis of willingness, associated determinants, and reasons for hesitancy.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2022Pooled it
- Does potential antibody-dependent enhancement occur during SARS-CoV-2 infection after natural infection or vaccination? A meta-analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2022Pooled it
- The Efficacy of a Brief, Altruism-Eliciting Video Intervention in Enhancing COVID-19 Vaccination Intentions Among a Population-Based Sample of Younger Adults: Randomized Controlled Trial.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2022Trial
- The role of age, sex, and ethnicity in vaccine trust, and sources of information in Canada: Findings from a national survey.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Article
- "As soon as it's trying to be persuasive, my skepticism kicks in": A qualitative study to co-design vaccine communication strategies with vaccine hesitant adults in Canada.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Article
- Individual and Environmental Correlations with Vaccination Status in Canada: The COHESION study.Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine · 2026Article
- Trust in government, public health authorities, health scientists and medical care providers and COVID-19 vaccines among Canadian adults.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- "Just be honest with us": A qualitative analysis of Canadians' public trust during the COVID-19 pandemic.Canadian journal of public health = Revue canadienne de sante publique · 2026Article
- A Bi-lingual chatbot implementation for pandemic response using the transformer-based approach.PLOS digital health · 2026Article
- Differences in COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and uptake according to region of birth: findings from a cross-sectional survey in Sweden.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Acceptance and attitudes towards COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy in Canada.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Article
- COVID-19 and influenza vaccine Hesitancy among adults hospitalized in the United States, 2019-2022.Vaccine · 2025Article
- Understanding the perceptions of risks versus the benefits of COVID-19 vaccinations in Manyara, Tanzania.Journal of public health in Africa · 2025Article
- Development of health emergency response capability evaluation framework for primary health institutions in metropolis: based on Delphi method and analytic hierarchy process.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Understanding the socio-ecological determinants of COVID-19 vaccine uptake: A cross-sectional study of post-COVID-19 Tanzania.Journal of public health in Africa · 2025Article
- Development and evaluation of virtual simulation games to increase the confidence and self-efficacy of healthcare learners in vaccine communication, advocacy, and promotion.BMC medical education · 2024Article
- Article
- COVID-19 patient profiles over four waves in Barcelona metropolitan area: A clustering approach.PloS one · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
17 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThere are concerns that vaccine hesitancy may impede COVID-19 vaccine rollout and prevent the achievement of herd immunity. Vaccine hesitancy is a delay in acceptance or refusal of vaccines despite their availability.
objectiveWe aimed to identify which people are more and less likely to take a COVID-19 vaccine and factors associated with vaccine hesitancy to inform public health messaging.
methodsA Canadian cross-sectional survey was conducted in Canada in October and November 2020, prior to the regulatory approval of the COVID-19 vaccines. Vaccine hesitancy was measured by respondents answering the question "what would you do if a COVID-19 vaccine were available to you?" Negative binomial regression was used to identify the factors associated with vaccine hesitancy. Cluster analysis was performed to identify distinct clusters based on intention to take a COVID-19 vaccine, beliefs about COVID-19 and COVID-19 vaccines, and adherence to nonpharmaceutical interventions.
resultsOf 4498 participants, 2876 (63.9%) reported COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. Vaccine hesitancy was significantly associated with (1) younger age (18-39 years), (2) lower education, and (3) non-Liberal political leaning. Participants that reported vaccine hesitancy were less likely to believe that a COVID-19 vaccine would end the pandemic or that the benefits of a COVID-19 vaccine outweighed the risks. Individuals with vaccine hesitancy had higher prevalence of being concerned about vaccine side effects, lower prevalence of being influenced by peers or health care professionals, and lower prevalence of trust in government institutions.
conclusionsThese findings can be used to inform targeted public health messaging to combat vaccine hesitancy as COVID-19 vaccine administration continues. Messaging related to preventing COVID among friends and family, highlighting the benefits, emphasizing safety and efficacy of COVID-19 vaccination, and ensuring that health care workers are knowledgeable and supported in their vaccination counselling may be effective for vaccine-hesitant populations.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.