Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34778803›Full record

ArticleBlood cancer discovery2021

NOT-Gated CD93 CAR T Cells Effectively Target AML with Minimized Endothelial Cross-Reactivity.

Rebecca M Richards, Feifei Zhao, Katherine A Freitas, Kevin R Parker, Peng Xu, Amy Fan, Elena Sotillo, Mads Daugaard, Htoo Zarni Oo, Jie Liu and 7 more

Open access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Blood cancer discovery, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 70 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
70citing papers in PubMed
5.6field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

70 citing papers in PubMed, 87 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Spatial Regulation of CAR Signaling Enables Logic-Gated Activity.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026
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  4. Review
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  11. Sequence and structural determinants of efficaciousbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025
    Article
  12. Review
  13. Review
  14. Review
  15. Article
  16. Review
  17. CAR-T cell therapy for cancer: current challenges and future directions.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2025
    Review
  18. Review
  19. Review
  20. Article

10 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

17 authors at 8 institutions in 4 countries.

Rebecca M RichardsDepartment of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California.
Feifei ZhaoDivision of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California.
Katherine A FreitasImmunology Graduate Program, Stanford University, Stanford, California.
Kevin R ParkerCenter for Personal Dynamic Regulomes, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California.ORCID 0000-0001-5532-238X
Peng XuDepartment of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California.
Amy FanImmunology Graduate Program, Stanford University, Stanford, California.ORCID 0000-0003-1612-1862
Elena SotilloStanford Cancer Institute, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, California.
Mads DaugaardDepartment of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.ORCID 0000-0001-8383-055X
Htoo Zarni OoDepartment of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
Jie LiuDivision of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Cancer Institute, and Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California.
Wan-Jen HongGenentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California.ORCID 0000-0002-0134-4927
Poul H SorensenDepartment of Molecular Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
Howard Y ChangCenter for Personal Dynamic Regulomes, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California.
Ansuman T SatpathyDepartment of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California.ORCID 0000-0002-5167-537X
Robbie G MajznerDepartment of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California.ORCID 0000-0001-6969-8011
Ravindra Majeti *Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California.
Crystal L Mackall *Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California. cmackall@stanford.edu.ORCID 0000-0003-0359-9023
Stanford Medicine · USCalifornia Institute for Regenerative Medicine · USStanford University · USUniversity of British Columbia · CAAmgen (United States) · USBC Cancer Agency · CAHoward Hughes Medical Institute · USStanford Blood Center · US

Funding

Understanding and Overcoming Resistance to Immunotherapies in Childhood CancersU54CA232568 · NCI · CHILDREN'S HOSP OF PHILADELPHIA · PI MACKALL, CRYSTAL, MARIS, JOHN M · 2018 to 2022
$13.1M
NCI NIH HHS U54 CA232568
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells hold promise for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), but optimal targets remain to be defined. We demonstrate that CD93 CAR T cells engineered from a novel humanized CD93-specific binder potently kill AML SIGNIFICANCE: CD93 CAR T cells eliminate AML and spare HSPCs but exert on-target, off-tumor toxicity to endothelial cells. We show coexpression of other AML targets on endothelial cells, introduce a novel NOT-gated strategy to mitigate endothelial toxicity, and demonstrate use of high-dimensional transcriptomic profiling for rational design of combinatorial immunotherapies.

Indexed as

Immunotherapy, AdoptiveLeukemia, Myeloid, AcuteAnimalsCell Line, TumorEndothelial CellsHumansMiceT-Lymphocytes

Identifiers

PMID34778803
PMCPMC8580619
OpenAlexW3200480347

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.