Trial reportBlood cancer discovery2021
Phase II Trial of Pembrolizumab after High-Dose Cytarabine in Relapsed/Refractory Acute Myeloid Leukemia.
Trial report in Blood cancer discovery, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 62 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
62 citing papers in PubMed, 87 citations in OpenAlex.
- A phase I/II trial of WT1-specific TCR gene therapy for patients with acute myeloid leukemia and active disease post-allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation: skewing towards NK-like phenotype impairs T cell function and persistence.Nature communications · 2025Trial
- Updates from a single-center phase 2 study of PD-1 inhibitor combined with hypomethylating agent plus CAG regimen in patients with relapsed/refractory acute myeloid leukemia.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Trial
- Immune Checkpoints in Leukaemia as Gatekeepers of Immuno-Modulation.Immunology · 2026Review
- Review
- T-cell miR-155 regulates the response to tumor-specific mRNA vaccines in a murine model of acute myeloid leukemia.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2026Article
- Immunotherapy in acute myeloid leukemia: The antibodies, TriKEs, and CARs on the arduous road to cure.Blood reviews · 2026Review
- Immune Checkpoint Blockade in Hematological Malignancies: Current Status and Future Directions.Cancers · 2026Review
- Exploring the Bone Marrow Microenvironment as a Therapeutic Barrier and Targetable Source of Crosstalk in Acute Myeloid Leukemia.Blood and lymphatic cancer : targets and therapy · 2026Review
- Pandora's Box of AML: HowBiomedicines · 2025Review
- Aberrant expression of SLAMF6 constitutes a targetable immune escape mechanism in acute myeloid leukemia.Nature cancer · 2025Article
- Current scenario of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in adult patients with relapsed/refractory acute myeloid leukemia: a narrative review.Annals of hematology · 2025Review
- Endogenous T cell responses to fusion-derived neoantigens in pediatric acute leukemias.Leukemia · 2025Article
- Precision oncology to overcome resistance in R/R AML in children and adults requires combinations of cytotoxic, targeted, and immunological treatments.Journal of internal medicine · 2025Review
- Evolving Paradigms in Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Personalized Approaches to Therapy Across Age and Risk Groups.Cancers · 2025Review
- PD-1 inhibition for relapse after allogeneic transplantation in acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome.Blood advances · 2025Article
- Review
- TP53-Mutated Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Unanswered Questions.Hematological oncology · 2025Review
- Therapeutic hurdles in acute myeloid leukemia: Leukemic stem cells, inflammation and immune dysfunction.Current opinion in pharmacology · 2025Review
- TP53 -Mutated Myeloid Neoplasms: 2024 Update on Diagnosis, Risk-Stratification, and Management.American journal of hematology · 2025Review
- Immune Escape of Acute Myeloid Leukemia after Transplantation.Blood cancer discovery · 2025Review
2 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
22 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Immune suppression, exhaustion, and senescence are frequently seen throughout disease progression in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). We conducted a phase II study of high-dose cytarabine followed by pembrolizumab 200 mg i.v. on day 14 to examine whether PD-1 inhibition improves clinical responses in relapsed/refractory (R/R) AML. Overall responders could receive pembrolizumab maintenance up to 2 years. Among 37 patients enrolled, the overall response rate, composite complete remission (CRc) rate (primary endpoint), and median overall survival (OS) were 46%, 38%, and 11.1 months, respectively. Patients with refractory/early relapse and those receiving treatment as first salvage had encouraging outcomes (median OS, 13.2 and 11.3 months, respectively). Grade ≥3 immune-related adverse events were rare (14%) and self-limiting. Patients who achieved CRc had a higher frequency of progenitor exhausted CD8 SIGNIFICANCE: Immune-checkpoint blockade with pembrolizumab was tolerable and feasible after high-dose cytarabine in R/R AML, with encouraging clinical activity, particularly in refractory AML and those receiving treatment as first salvage regimen. Further study of pembrolizumab and other immune-checkpoint blockade strategies after cytotoxic chemotherapy is warranted in AML.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.