Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34778800›Full record

ArticleBlood cancer discovery2021

Aberrant Extrafollicular B Cells, Immune Dysfunction, Myeloid Inflammation, and MyD88-Mutant Progenitors Precede Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia.

Akhilesh Kaushal, Ajay K Nooka, Allison R Carr, Katherine E Pendleton, Benjamin G Barwick, Julia Manalo, Samuel S McCachren, Vikas A Gupta, Nisha S Joseph, Craig C Hofmeister and 7 more

Open access · bronzeAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Blood cancer discovery, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
22citing papers in PubMed
3.7field-weighted citation impact, top 6% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

22 citing papers in PubMed, 33 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Review
  4. Article
  5. The Direction of Modern Therapies in Waldenström Macroglobulinaemia.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2025
    Review
  6. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

17 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Akhilesh KaushalDepartment of Hematology/Oncology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia.ORCID 0000-0002-5137-0461
Ajay K NookaDepartment of Hematology/Oncology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia.
Allison R CarrDepartment of Hematology/Oncology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia.
Katherine E PendletonAflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia.ORCID 0000-0001-9761-7303
Benjamin G BarwickDepartment of Hematology/Oncology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia.ORCID 0000-0001-9810-3566
Julia ManaloDepartment of Hematology/Oncology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia.ORCID 0000-0002-9880-2268
Samuel S McCachrenDepartment of Hematology/Oncology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia.ORCID 0000-0002-3073-4924
Vikas A GuptaDepartment of Hematology/Oncology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia.ORCID 0000-0002-8980-2338
Nisha S JosephDepartment of Hematology/Oncology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia.
Craig C HofmeisterDepartment of Hematology/Oncology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia.ORCID 0000-0003-4816-1607
Jonathan L KaufmanDepartment of Hematology/Oncology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia.ORCID 0000-0002-5687-6429
Leonard T HeffnerDepartment of Hematology/Oncology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia.
Stephen M AnsellDivision of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.ORCID 0000-0003-1244-6758
Lawrence H BoiseDepartment of Hematology/Oncology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia.ORCID 0000-0001-9436-8815
Sagar LonialDepartment of Hematology/Oncology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia.
Kavita M Dhodapkar *Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia. madhav.v.dhodapkar@emory.edu kavita.dhodapkar@emory.edu.ORCID 0000-0003-0587-4172
Madhav V Dhodapkar *Department of Hematology/Oncology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia. madhav.v.dhodapkar@emory.edu kavita.dhodapkar@emory.edu.
Emory University · USChildren's Healthcare of Atlanta · USMayo Clinic · US

Funding

Yale Clinical and Translational Science Award (U Component)UL1TR001863 · NCATS · YALE UNIVERSITY · PI John H. Krystal, LUCILA OHNO-MACHADO · 2016 to 2026
$102.9M
MEDICAL SCIENTIST TRAINING PROGRAMT32GM008169 · NIGMS · EMORY UNIVERSITY · PI GROSS, ROBERT E · 1987 to 2021
$20.3M
HARNESSING HOST RESPONSE TO PREVENT MYELOMAR35CA197603 · NCI · YALE UNIVERSITY · PI DHODAPKAR, MADHAV V · 2016 to 2022
$5.8M
B cells in autoimmunity following checkpoint blockade therapyR01CA238471 · NCI · EMORY UNIVERSITY · PI DHODAPKAR, KAVITA MADHAV, SANZ, IGNACIO E. · 2019 to 2023
$2.3M
B cell depletion to prevent autoimmunityR01AR077926 · NIAMS · EMORY UNIVERSITY · PI DHODAPKAR, KAVITA MADHAV, SANZ, IGNACIO E. · 2020 to 2023
$1.6M
NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR001863NCI NIH HHS R01 CA238471NCI NIH HHS R35 CA197603NIAMS NIH HHS R01 AR077926NIGMS NIH HHS T32 GM008169
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia (WM) and its precursor IgM gammopathy are distinct disorders characterized by clonal mature IgM-expressing B-cell outgrowth in the bone marrow. Here, we show by high-dimensional single-cell immunogenomic profiling of patient samples that these disorders originate in the setting of global B-cell compartment alterations, characterized by expansion of genomically aberrant extrafollicular B cells of the nonmalignant clonotype. Alterations in the immune microenvironment preceding malignant clonal expansion include myeloid inflammation and naïve B- and T-cell depletion. Host response to these early lesions involves clone-specific T-cell immunity that may include MYD88 mutation-specific responses. Hematopoietic progenitors carry the oncogenic MYD88 mutations characteristic of the malignant WM clone. These data support a model for WM pathogenesis wherein oncogenic alterations and signaling in progenitors, myeloid inflammation, and global alterations in extrafollicular B cells create the milieu promoting extranodal pattern of growth in differentiated malignant cells. SIGNIFICANCE: These data provide evidence that growth of the malignant clone in WM is preceded by expansion of extrafollicular B cells, myeloid inflammation, and immune dysfunction in the preneoplastic phase. These changes may be related in part to MYD88 oncogenic signaling in pre-B progenitor cells and suggest a novel model for WM pathogenesis.

Indexed as

Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88Waldenstrom MacroglobulinemiaB-LymphocytesHumansInflammationOncogenesTumor MicroenvironmentMyeloid Differentiation Factor 88

Identifiers

PMID34778800
PMCPMC8580616
OpenAlexW3198248150

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.