ReviewRSC medicinal chemistry2021
β-Lactam antibiotic targets and resistance mechanisms: from covalent inhibitors to substrates.
Review in RSC medicinal chemistry, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 109 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
109 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 202 citations in OpenAlex.
- Systematic Review of Intravenous Ceftriaxone Administration in Animals.Veterinary medicine and science · 2026Pooled it
- Do dietary interventions exert clinically important effects on the bioavailability of β-lactam antibiotics? A systematic review with meta-analyses.The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy · 2024Pooled it
- Comparison of Two Antibiotic Combinations for Conservative Treatment of Non-Complicated Appendicitis in Children.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Trial
- Role of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) genes in the dissemination of β-lactam resistance within aquatic environments: mechanisms, persistence, and one health implications.World journal of microbiology & biotechnology · 2026Review
- Effect of combined piperine and amoxicillin as an efflux pump inhibitor for metal-tolerant and antibiotic - resistant E. coli in broilers.Veterinary research communications · 2026Article
- Designing the Next Generation of Antibiotics: Structure, SAR, and Strategy in Medicinal Chemistry (2000-2025).Medicinal research reviews · 2026Review
- The Activity of Antimicrobial Peptides (AMPs) Identified Via an Integrated in Silico and Pilot in Vitro Screening Approach Towards ESKAPE Pathogens.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2026Article
- A Single Substitution of Valine to Glutamic Acid in the Omega-Like Loop Introduces a Penicillinase-Like Activity in MSMEG_6194 by Compromising its Role as DD-Carboxypeptidase.Current microbiology · 2026Article
- Chemical Composition, Antioxidant Activity, and β-Lactamase Inhibitory Potential of Essential Oil fromMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Antibiotic Class-Specific Effects on Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Microbiome Disruption, Risk, and Recovery.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Rising Burden of ESBL-Producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae in Burkina Faso: A Five-Year Retrospective Analysis.Current microbiology · 2026Article
- Sulbactam-Durlobactam in the Treatment of Multidrug-ResistantAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Leveraging the lipoprotein trafficking pathway for the development of novel antimicrobials.RSC chemical biology · 2026Review
- Chemoproteomic Elucidation of β-Lactam Drug Targets inACS infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Alternative enzymatic pathways to penicillin antibiotics.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Klebsiella pneumoniae in the global AMR: resistance mechanisms and genomic adaptation.World journal of microbiology & biotechnology · 2026Review
- Peptidoglycan recycling is critical for cell division, cell wall integrity, and β-lactam resistance ineLife · 2026Article
- Antimicrobial Effect of Spices and Their Phytochemicals: A Novel Approach to Overcoming Antibiotic Resistance.MedComm · 2026Review
- Antibiotic Mechanisms and Resistance: Molecular Insights and Therapeutic Strategies.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Efficiency Assessment of Fenton-Based Pre-Treatment of Medical Wastewater Using Fe, Cu, and Mn Catalysts-Impact on the Aquatic Environment.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
49 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The β-lactams are the most widely used antibacterial agents worldwide. These antibiotics, a group that includes the penicillins and cephalosporins, are covalent inhibitors that target bacterial penicillin-binding proteins and disrupt peptidoglycan synthesis. Bacteria can achieve resistance to β-lactams in several ways, including the production of serine β-lactamase enzymes. While β-lactams also covalently interact with serine β-lactamases, these enzymes are capable of deacylating this complex, treating the antibiotic as a substrate. In this tutorial-style review, we provide an overview of the β-lactam antibiotics, focusing on their covalent interactions with their target proteins and resistance mechanisms. We begin by describing the structurally diverse range of β-lactam antibiotics and β-lactamase inhibitors that are currently used as therapeutics. Then, we introduce the penicillin-binding proteins, describing their functions and structures, and highlighting their interactions with β-lactam antibiotics. We next describe the classes of serine β-lactamases, exploring some of the mechanisms by which they achieve the ability to degrade β-lactams. Finally, we introduce the l,d-transpeptidases, a group of bacterial enzymes involved in peptidoglycan synthesis which are also targeted by β-lactam antibiotics. Although resistance mechanisms are now prevalent for all antibiotics in this class, past successes in antibiotic development have at least delayed this onset of resistance. The β-lactams continue to be an essential tool for the treatment of infectious disease, and recent advances (
Identifiers
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.