Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34778741›Full record

ArticleMaterials today. Bio2021

Localized disruption of redox homeostasis boosting ferroptosis of tumor by hydrogel delivery system.

Xiaomin Su, Yongbin Cao, Yao Liu, Boshu Ouyang, Bo Ning, Yang Wang, Huishu Guo, Zhiqing Pang, Shun Shen

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Materials today. Bio, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
24citing papers in PubMed
3.0field-weighted citation impact, top 8% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

24 citing papers in PubMed, 44 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Review
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  3. Targeting proteostasis pathways for cancer therapy.Journal of pharmaceutical analysis · 2025
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  4. Naringenin Inhibits EnterotoxigenicAntioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025
    Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Review
  9. Review
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Review
  14. Article
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  16. Article
  17. Review
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  19. Article
  20. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.

Xiaomin SuCentral Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital, Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116021, China.
Yongbin CaoZhuhai Precision Medical Center, Zhuhai People's Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University), Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, PR China.
Yao LiuThe Institute for Translational Nanomedicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China.
Boshu OuyangDepartment of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
Bo NingCentral Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital, Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116021, China.
Yang WangCentral Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital, Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116021, China.
Huishu GuoCentral Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital, Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116021, China.
Zhiqing PangSchool of Pharmacy & Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China.
Shun ShenCenter for Medical Research and Innovation, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, 201399, China.
Dalian Medical University · CNFudan University · CNShanghai East Hospital · CNZhuhai People's Hospital · CN

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Ferroptosis has received ever-increasing attention due to its unparalleled mechanism in eliminating resistant tumor cells. Nevertheless, the accumulation of toxic lipid peroxides (LPOs) at the tumor site is limited by the level of lipid oxidation. Herein, by leveraging versatile sodium alginate (ALG) hydrogel, a localized ferroptosis trigger consisting of gambogic acid (GA), 2,2'-azobis [2-(2-imidazolin-2-yl) propane] dihydrochloride (AIPH), and Ink (a photothermal agent), was constructed via simple intratumor injection. Upon 1064 ​nm laser irradiation, the stored AIPH rapidly decomposed into alkyl radicals (R•), which aggravated LPOs in tumor cells. Meanwhile, GA could inhibit heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) to reduce the heat resistance of tumor cells, and forcefully consume glutathione (GSH) to weaken the antioxidant capacity of cells. Systematic in vitro and in vivo experiments have demonstrated that synchronous consumption of GSH and increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) facilitated reduced expression of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), which further contributed to disruption of intracellular redox homeostasis and ultimately boosted ferroptosis. This all-in-one strategy has a highly effective tumor suppression effect by depleting and generating fatal active compounds at tumor sites, which would pave a new route for the controllable, accurate, and coordinated tumor treatments.

Indexed as

ABTS, 2,2-Azobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)AIPH, 2,2′-azobis [2-(2-imidazolin-2-yl) propane] dihydrochlorideALG, sodium alginateAlkyl radicalsCCK–8, Cell counting kit-8CLSM, confocal laser scanning microscopeDAPI, 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindoleDCFH-DA, 2,7-dichlorofluorescin diacetateDFO, deferoxamine mesylateDLS, dynamic light scatteringDMEM, Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's MediumDTNB, 5,5′-Dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid)FBS, fetal bovine serumFer-1, Ferrostatin -1FerroptosisGA, gambogic acidGlutathione peroxidaseGPX4, glutathione peroxidase 4GSH, glutathioneHE, hematoxylin eosinHSP90, heat shock protein 90HydrogelIR, inhibitory rateLPO, lipid peroxidesNPs, nanodrugsPTT, photothermal therapyR•, alkyl radicalsRedox homeostasisROS, reactive oxygen species

Identifiers

PMID34778741
PMCPMC8577093
OpenAlexW3209581105

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.