ReviewGene reports2021
Immunopathology and Immunopathogenesis of COVID-19, what we know and what we should learn.
Review in Gene reports, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 47 citations in OpenAlex.
- A systematic two-sample and bidirectional MR process highlights a unidirectional genetic causal effect of allergic diseases on COVID-19 infection/severity.Journal of translational medicine · 2024Pooled it
- Relative effectiveness of bivalent COVID-19 vaccine: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in medicine · 2023Pooled it
- Postmortem analysis of secondary infections in a German cohort of patients following COVID-19 infection.Infection · 2026Article
- Comparative proteomics of human naso-oropharyngeal swabs from COVID19 patients for identification of potential biomarker candidates.Biochemistry and biophysics reports · 2026Article
- Bridging Gaps in Long COVID Therapy: A Review.Current medicinal chemistry · 2026Review
- COVID-19 Seroprevalence in Romania: Insights from a Nationwide Antibody Study.Epidemiologia (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Review
- Political Affiliation, Policy Measures, and Intention to Receive COVID-19 and Influenza Vaccines.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2024Article
- Efficacy of late-onset antiviral treatment in immunocompromised hosts with persistent SARS-CoV-2 infection.Journal of virology · 2024Article
- Factors Influencing the Intention of Chinese Adults to Recommend COVID-19 Vaccination for Specific or Non-Specific Groups.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- The Immunomodulatory Role of Cell-Free Approaches in SARS-CoV-2-Induced Cytokine Storm-A Powerful Therapeutic Tool for COVID-19 Patients.Biomedicines · 2023Review
- Safety of multiple intravenous infusions of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells for hospitalized cases of COVID-19: a randomized controlled trial.Frontiers in medicine · 2023Article
- SARS-CoV-2 in brief: from virus to prevention.Osong public health and research perspectives · 2022Article
- Early Access to Oral Antivirals in High-Risk Outpatients: Good Weapons to Fight COVID-19.Viruses · 2022Article
- Assessing T-Cell Immunity in Kidney Transplant Recipients with Absent Antibody Production after a 3rd Dose of the mRNA-1273 Vaccine.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Herpes Simplex Virus 1 (HSV-1) Reactivation in Critically Ill COVID-19 Patients: A Brief Narrative Review.Infectious diseases and therapy · 2022Review
- In Vitro Stimulation with Live SARS-CoV-2 Suggests Th17 Dominance In Virus-Specific CD4+ T Cell Response after COVID-19.Vaccines · 2022Article
- Multi-Level Biological Network Analysis and Drug Repurposing Based on Leukocyte Transcriptomics in Severe COVID-19: In Silico Systems Biology to Precision Medicine.Journal of personalized medicine · 2022Article
- Mechanistic Understanding of Lung Inflammation: Recent Advances and Emerging Techniques.Journal of inflammation research · 2022Review
- Immunotherapy and CRISPR Cas Systems: Potential Cure of COVID-19?Drug design, development and therapy · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) directly interacts with host's epithelial and immune cells, leading to inflammatory response induction, which is considered the hallmark of infection. The host immune system is programmed to facilitate the clearance of viral infection by establishing a modulated response. However, SARS-CoV-2 takes the initiative and its various structural and non-structural proteins directly or indirectly stimulate the uncontrolled activation of injurious inflammatory pathways through interaction with innate immune system mediators. Upregulation of cell-signaling pathways such as mitogen-activate protein kinase (MAPK) in response to recognition of SARS-CoV-2 antigens by innate immune system receptors mediates unbridled production of proinflammatory cytokines and cells causing cytokine storm, tissue damage, increased pulmonary edema, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and mortality. Moreover, this acute inflammatory state hinders the immunomodulatory effect of T helper cells and timely response of CD4
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.