ArticleFrontiers in oncology2021
Spatial Distribution of Immune Cells in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinomas.
Article in Frontiers in oncology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 11 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cytokines and chemokines in plasma as markers reflecting immunophenotype of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.Human cell · 2026Article
- Spatial Distribution and Prognostic Value of T Cell Subtypes and Immune Biomarkers in p16-Negative HNSCC.Cells · 2025Article
- Mapping immunotherapy potential: spatial transcriptomics in the unraveling of tumor-immune microenvironments in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Cytotoxic response of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes of head and neck cancer slice cultures under mitochondrial dysfunction.Frontiers in oncology · 2024Article
- Type I conventional dendritic cells and CD8Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Loco-Regional Control and Sustained Difference in Serum Immune Protein Expression in Patients Treated for p16-Positive and p16-Negative Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Article
- Molecular Subtypes Based on Cell Differentiation Trajectories in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Differential Prognosis and Immunotherapeutic Responses.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundHead and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) have a very moderate response rate to immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) treatment compared to other cancer types. Lacking predictive markers for treatment response, we analyzed the immune status of HNSCC and assessed the spatial distribution of immune cells. MATERIALS AND
methods
resultsThe spatial distributions were different for each immune cell type, allocating regulatory T cells (Tregs) and CD11b cells predominantly in the stroma. CD4 and CD8 cells were present either in the tumor stroma or between cancer cells. Interestingly, the expressions of PD-1 (programmed cell death 1 receptor) and PD-L1 (programmed death-ligand 1) were higher in hot tumors in comparison to cold and excluded tumors. The expression of pSMAD [indicating active transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β)] was higher in excluded tumors.
conclusionDifferent immune cell distribution patterns within tumors might be crucial for ICI treatment response since hot tumors have the highest expressions of PD-1 and PD-L1. TGF-β might be a key regulator for immune cell distribution and a promising therapeutic target that determines the formation of hot or excluded immune patterns.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.