ArticlePublic health action2021
Annual consumption of parenteral antibiotics in a tertiary hospital of Nepal, 2017-2019: a cross-sectional study.
Article in Public health action, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Consumption of systemic antibiotics in a tertiary care hospital in Northern Sri Lanka: a five-year trend analysis.BMC pharmacology & toxicology · 2026Article
- Analysis of antibiotics consumption pattern among hospitalized patients in Nepal: a nationally representative multi-hospital survey.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Increasing the use of the WHO AWaRe system in antibiotic surveillance and stewardship programmes in low- and middle-income countries.JAC-antimicrobial resistance · 2025Review
- Analysis of the practice of switch of antibiotics from intravenous to oral therapy at a tertiary care hospital in Nepal: a prospective observational study.Antimicrobial stewardship & healthcare epidemiology : ASHE · 2025Article
- Antimicrobial Consumption from 2017 to 2021 in East Trinidad and Tobago: A Study in the English-Speaking Caribbean.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
settingPatan Hospital, a tertiary care hospital in Lalitpur District, Nepal.
objectivesTo describe the annual parenteral antibiotic consumption in 1) defined daily dose (DDD) and DDD per 100 admissions; 2) calculate DDD per 100 admissions and proportions by pharmacological subgroup, chemical subgroup and AWaRe categories; and 3) describe patient expenditure on parenteral antibiotics as a proportion of the total patient expenditure on drugs and consumables between 2017 and 2019.
designThis was a cross-sectional study.
resultsTotal DDD of parenteral antibiotics increased by 23% from 39,639.7 in 2017 to 48,947.7 in 2019. DDD per 100 admissions increased by 10% from 172.1 in 2017 to 190.2 in 2019. Other beta-lactam antibacterials comprised the most frequently consumed pharmacological subgroup. The chemical substance most often consumed was ceftriaxone, with an increasing trend in the consumption of vancomycin and meropenem. Parenteral antibiotics in 'Watch' category were the most consumed over the study period, with a decreasing trend in 'Access' and increasing trend in 'Reserve' categories.
conclusionWe aimed to understand the consumption of parenteral antibiotics at a tertiary care hospital and found that Watch antibiotics comprised the bulk of antibiotic consumption. Overconsumption of antibiotics from the 'Watch' and 'Reserve' categories can promote antimicrobial resistance; recommendations were therefore made for their rational use.
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