Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34777988›Full record

ArticleHealth policy and technology2021

Direct and indirect cost of COVID-19 patients in Iran.

Karim Nakhaei, Habib Jalilian, Morteza Arab-Zozani, Somayeh Heydari, Leila Torkzadeh, Masoomeh Taji

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Article in Health policy and technology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
15citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

15 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Karim NakhaeiDepartment of Accounting, Islamic Azad University Birjand Branch, Birjand, Iran.
Habib JalilianDepartment of Health Services Management, School of Public Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
Morteza Arab-ZozaniSocial Determinants of Health Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran.
Somayeh HeydariTabriz Health Services Management Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
Leila TorkzadehStudent Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
Masoomeh TajiDepartment of Accounting, Islamic Azad University Birjand Branch, Birjand, Iran.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesThis study aimed to estimate the cost of COVID-19 patients and some affecting factors in Iran.

methodsThis was a prevalence-based cost-of-illness study based on a bottom-up costing approach which was conducted from March 2020 to July 2020

resultsA total of 745 Covid-19 patients were included in the analysis. The mean total cost was estimated at 8813.15 (PPP, Current International $), accounting for 60% of GDP per capita. The mean direct and indirect cost was 3362.49 (PPP, Current International $) (38% of the total cost and 23% of the GDP per capita), and 5450.66 (PPP, Current International $) (62% of the total cost and 37% of the GDP per capita), respectively. The mean hospitalization cost was higher among patients who died and those who were covered by supplemental insurance. Also, the costs of disease experienced a dramatic rise with increasing age. For different scenarios in terms of outbreak rate, hospitalization rate and mortality rate, the total estimated cost of illness for Covid-19 ranged from 6263 million (PPP, Current International $) to 63,474 million (PPP, Current International $).

conclusionsCovid-19 imposes a substantial financial burden on people, health care systems, insurance organizations and the country's economy as a whole. Since the economic burden of this disease increases dramatically by increasing disease outbreak, more attention should be paid to the development and implementation of appropriate preventive programs.

Indexed as

Cost of illnessCOVID-19Direct costEconomic burdenIndirect cost

Identifiers

PMID34777988
PMCPMC8574083

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.