ArticleEvidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM2021
Motor Imagery-Based Brain-Computer Interface Combined with Multimodal Feedback to Promote Upper Limb Motor Function after Stroke: A Preliminary Study.
Article in Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- Comparative Effectiveness of Noninvasive Brain-Computer Interface-Based Interventions for Upper Limb Rehabilitation in Poststroke Hemiplegia: Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.Journal of medical Internet research · 2026Pooled it
- Efficacy of Brain-Computer Interface Therapy for Upper Limb Rehabilitation in Chronic Stroke: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.Journal of medical Internet research · 2026Pooled it
- Brain-computer interface for post-stroke upper-limb recovery: a systematic review integrating clinical efficacy with neuroplasticity evidence.Frontiers in neurology · 2026Pooled it
- Comparison of the effects of transcranial direct current stimulation combined with different rehabilitation interventions on motor function in people suffering from stroke-related symptoms: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Pooled it
- Efficacy of brain-computer interface with functional electrical stimulation, transcranial direct current stimulation, and conventional therapy on upper limb recovery after stroke: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Pooled it
- The effect of rehabilitation training based on brain-computer interface on limb function in stroke patients: a systematic review and meta-analyses.Frontiers in neurologyPooled it
- Motor imagery combined with brain-computer interface for stroke patients: a meta-analysis.Frontiers in neurologyPooled it
- Unveiling the upper-limb functional recovery mechanisms in stroke patients using brain-machine interfaces: a near-infrared functional imaging-based study.Scientific reports · 2025Trial
- Combining low-frequency magnetic stimulation with motor imagery to improve lower limb recovery and motor pathway integrity in cerebral infarction: a randomized, double-blind, and controlled study.European journal of physical and rehabilitation medicine · 2025Trial
- Brain-computer interface: an update for the clinicians.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2026Review
- Electrical spinal cord stimulation promotes focal sensorimotor activation that accelerates brain-computer interface skill learning.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- EEG-based sensorimotor neurofeedback for motor neurorehabilitation in children and adults: A scoping review.Clinical neurophysiology : official journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2024Article
- A Scoping Review of Technology-Based Approaches for Upper Limb Motor Rehabilitation after Stroke: Are We Really Targeting Severe Impairment?Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Exploring Methodological Issues in Mental Practice for Upper-Extremity Function Following Stroke-Related Paralysis: A Scoping Review.Brain sciences · 2024Article
- Research hotspots and trends of brain-computer interface technology in stroke: a bibliometric study and visualization analysis.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2023Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundRecently, the brain-computer interface (BCI) has seen rapid development, which may promote the recovery of motor function in chronic stroke patients.
methodsTwelve stroke patients with severe upper limb and hand motor impairment were enrolled and randomly assigned into two groups: motor imagery (MI)-based BCI training with multimodal feedback (BCI group,
resultsCompared with the baseline, the FMA-UE score increased significantly in the BCI group (
conclusionMI-based BCI combined with sensory and visual feedback might improve severe upper limb and hand impairment in chronic stroke patients, showing the potential for application in rehabilitation medicine.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.