ArticleJournal of the Canadian Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry = Journal de l'Academie canadienne de psychiatrie de l'enfant et de l'adolescent2021
Anti-N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor (NMDAR) Encephalitis in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Quantitative Analysis of Reported Cases.
Article in Journal of the Canadian Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry = Journal de l'Academie canadienne de psychiatrie de l'enfant et de l'adolescent, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 9 citations in OpenAlex.
- Immune dysregulation syndrome associated with inborn errors of metabolism - hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in the context of isovaleric acidemia: a case report.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2026Article
- Epileptic spasms in the acute phase of pediatric anti-N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor encephalitis: a case series.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- The Immune/Inflammatory Underpinnings of Neurodevelopmental Disorders and Pediatric Acute-Onset Neuropsychiatric Syndrome: A Scoping Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Functional connectivity changes of the hippocampal subregions in anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis.Brain imaging and behavior · 2024Article
- Protocol on establishing a national disease registry-Swiss Pediatric Inflammatory Brain Disease Registry.PloS one · 2024Article
- Inpatient Child Psychiatry Research: Time to be more Experimental.Journal of the Canadian Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry = Journal de l'Academie canadienne de psychiatrie de l'enfant et de l'adolescent · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 6 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveThis pooled analysis, from a systematic review, examines anti-N-Methyl D-Aspartate Receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis presentation in children and adolescents.
methodA comprehensive literature search from database inception through December 31, 2019, using PubMed, PsycInfo, and OVID was performed. Case reports and case series were included. Sample characteristics are described. Prodromal and presenting symptoms between partial recovery and full recovery are compared. The association between presenting symptoms and abnormal MRI, abnormal EEG, and tumor presence are determined.
resultsThe sample (n=283) had a mean age of 10.8 years with 75.3% females. The most common prodromal and presenting symptom was seizure (29.7% and 63.3%, respectively). Partial and full recovery did not differ for prodromal and presenting symptoms. Multivariate logistic regression analysis found that (1) delusion were significantly associated with higher odds and aggressive behavior was associated with lower odds for abnormal findings on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI); (2) waxing and waning of symptoms were significantly associated with higher odds for abnormal electroencephalograms (EEG), and (3) increased age and psychosis were each significantly associated with increased odds, and sleep disturbance and orofacial dyskinesia with lower odds for tumor presence.
conclusionGiven the pattern of findings, routinely obtaining MRI and EEG should be considered for anti-NMDAR encephalitis in children and adolescents presenting with delusion and waxing and waning of symptoms, respectively. Investigation of tumors should be considered in patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis especially when psychosis is present.
Indexed as
Identifiers
34777507PMC8561849W3213144016What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.