Trial reportFrontiers in immunology2021
Radiotherapy and High-Dose Interleukin-2: Clinical and Immunological Results of a Proof of Principle Study in Metastatic Melanoma and Renal Cell Carcinoma.
Trial report in Frontiers in immunology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- Immunotherapy in urological cancers: new paradigms and a systematic review of clinical trials and real-world evidence.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Pooled it
- Multi-ancestry genome-wide meta-analysis identifies novel basal cell carcinoma loci and shared genetic effects with squamous cell carcinoma.Communications biology · 2024Pooled it
- Adjuvant dendritic cell-based immunotherapy in melanoma: insights into immune cell dynamics and clinical evidence from a phase II trial.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Trial
- Immunotherapy for Leiomyosarcoma: Current Status and Perspectives.Journal of immunology research · 2026Review
- Article
- Nanomedicine for Cancer and Autoimmune Immunotherapy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Strategic trimodal therapy enhances radiation-induced abscopal response in renal cancer.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Article
- Current landscape and future prospects of interleukin-2 receptor (IL-2R) agonists in cancer immunotherapy.Oncoimmunology · 2025Review
- Immunological factors underlying radiation-induced toxicity in prostate cancer patients: a systematic review.Discover oncology · 2025Review
- IL-2 immunotherapy rescues irradiation-induced T cell exhaustion in mouse colon cancer.iScience · 2025Article
- Enhancing immunotherapy efficacy with synergistic low-dose radiation in metastatic melanoma: current insights and prospects.Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR · 2025Review
- The Multifaceted Role of the IL-2 Cytokine Family in Melanoma: Mechanisms, Therapeutic Implications, and Immune Modulation.Journal of immunology research · 2025Review
- Plant-derived Pembrolizumab in conjugation with IL-15Rα-IL-15 complex shows effective anti-tumor activity.PloS one · 2025Article
- Diagnostics and Therapy for Malignant Tumors.Biomedicines · 2024Review
- TLR3 activation enhances abscopal effect of radiotherapy in HCC by promoting tumor ferroptosis.EMBO molecular medicine · 2024Article
- Recent advances in immunotherapy and its combination therapies for advanced melanoma: a review.Frontiers in oncology · 2024Review
- Enhancing cancer care with improved checkpoint inhibitors: a focus on PD-1/PD-L1.EXCLI journal · 2024Review
- The Applications of ELISpot in the Identification and Treatment of Various Forms of Tuberculosis and in the Cancer Immunotherapies.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2024Article
- Reigniting hope in cancer treatment: the promise and pitfalls of IL-2 and IL-2R targeting strategies.Molecular cancer · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
22 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
High-dose interleukin-2 (HD IL-2) has curative potential in metastatic melanoma (MM) and renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Radiotherapy (RT) kills cancer cells and induces immunomodulatory effects. Prospective trials exploring clinical and immunological properties of combined RT/HD IL-2 are still needed. We designed a phase II, single-arm clinical trial for patients with MM and RCC. The treatment schedule consisted of 3 daily doses of 6-12 Gy of RT to 1-5 non-index metastatic fields, before IL-2 at the first and third treatment cycle. HD IL-2 was administered by continuous infusion for 72 hours and repeated every 3 weeks for up to 4 cycles, thereafter every 4 weeks for a maximum of 2 cycles. The primary endpoint was the immunological efficacy of the combined RT/HD IL-2 treatment (assessed by IFN-γ ELISPOT). Nineteen out of 22 patients were evaluable for immunological and clinical response. Partial response occurred in 3 (15.7%) patients and stable disease was observed in 7 (36.8%). The disease control rate was 52.6% after a median follow up of 39.2 months. According to Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events 4.0 (CTCAE 4.0), the majority of toxicities were grade 1-2. Immunological responses were frequent and detected in 16 (84.2%) patients. Increased levels of IL-8 and IL-10 in melanoma, circulating effector memory CD4+ and intratumoral CD8+ T cells in both tumor types were detected after therapy. Overall the treatment was well tolerated and immunologically active. Immunomonitoring and correlative data on tumor and peripheral blood cell subsets suggest that this combination treatment could be a promising strategy for patients progressing after standard treatments.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.