ReviewFrontiers in immunology2021
Dysregulated Inflammation During Obesity: Driving Disease Severity in Influenza Virus and SARS-CoV-2 Infections.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers.
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Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 46 citations in OpenAlex.
- Obesity-associated meta-inflammation alters influenza A antiviral responses in Göttingen minipigs.iScience · 2026Article
- SARS-CoV-2 intra-host viral diversity associated with host innate and vaccine-induced immunity in an obese mouse model.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Human Influenza Virus Infection: A Focus on Key Host Determinants Linked to Clinical Disease Severity.Viruses · 2026Review
- An Overview of the Effects of Exercise on Viral Infection in Obesity: Recent Advances and Potential Mechanisms.Applied biochemistry and biotechnology · 2026Review
- Serum lipidome remodeling in viral pneumonia: from pathophysiology to therapeutics.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Biological sex differences after high and low doses of influenza A virus infection during obesity.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Biological Sex Differences after High and Low Doses of Influenza A Virus Infection in a Diet-induced Obesity Mouse Model.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Are alveolar type 2 cells "oversaturated" in obesity and ARDS?American journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology · 2025Article
- Body Size and Risk of Death During the 1918 Influenza Pandemic in Alaska.American journal of human biology : the official journal of the Human Biology Council · 2025Article
- Meta-inflammation and endotoxemia in a highly translational porcine model of diet-induced obesity.Lab animal · 2025Article
- Sex and other predictors of mortality in long-term follow-up of patients with cardiovascular disease and COVID-19: a single-center retrospective study.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Tanreqing Injection Inhibits Activation of NLRP3 Inflammasome in Macrophages Infected with Influenza A Virus by Promoting Mitophagy.Chinese journal of integrative medicine · 2025Article
- Influence of a hyperglycaemic diet on Trypanosoma cruzi infection in mice model.Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz · 2025Article
- Review
- Defining the balance between optimal immunity and immunopathology in influenza virus infection.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2024Review
- Emerging mechanisms of obesity-associated immune dysfunction.Nature reviews. Endocrinology · 2024Review
- Article
- Immune response in influenza virus infection and modulation of immune injury by viral neuraminidase.Virology journal · 2023Review
- Association of Obesity with SARS-CoV-2 and Its Relationship with the Humoral Response Prior to Vaccination in the State of Mexico: A Cross-Sectional Study.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Targeted Application of Functional Foods as Immune Fitness Boosters in the Defense against Viral Infection.Nutrients · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Acute inflammation is a critical host defense response during viral infection. When dysregulated, inflammation drives immunopathology and tissue damage. Excessive, damaging inflammation is a hallmark of both pandemic influenza A virus (IAV) infections and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections. Chronic, low-grade inflammation is also a feature of obesity. In recent years, obesity has been recognized as a growing pandemic with significant mortality and associated costs. Obesity is also an independent risk factor for increased disease severity and death during both IAV and SARS-CoV-2 infection. This review focuses on the effect of obesity on the inflammatory response in the context of viral respiratory infections and how this leads to increased viral pathology. Here, we will review the fundamentals of inflammation, how it is initiated in IAV and SARS-CoV-2 infection and its link to disease severity. We will examine how obesity drives chronic inflammation and trained immunity and how these impact the immune response to IAV and SARS-CoV-2. Finally, we review both medical and non-medical interventions for obesity, how they impact on the inflammatory response and how they could be used to prevent disease severity in obese patients. As projections of global obesity numbers show no sign of slowing down, future pandemic preparedness will require us to consider the metabolic health of the population. Furthermore, if weight-loss alone is insufficient to reduce the risk of increased respiratory virus-related mortality, closer attention must be paid to a patient's history of health, and new therapeutic options identified.
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