ReviewFrontiers in pharmacology2021
Limitations of Antibiotic MIC-Based PK-PD Metrics: Looking Back to Move Forward.
Review in Frontiers in pharmacology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 48 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
48 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 73 citations in OpenAlex.
- Systematic review of antimicrobial pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic indices in murine thigh and hollow fibre dose fractionation studies analysed with a standard method.The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy · 2026Pooled it
- Article
- Article
- Cellular Heterogeneity in Drug Uptake Amplifies Pharmacodynamic Variability: A Stochastic PK-PD Analysis.CPT: pharmacometrics & systems pharmacology · 2026Article
- When Culture Results Don't Tell the Whole Story: A Practical Review of Antibiotics Pitfalls for Clinical Decision-Making.Infectious diseases and therapy · 2026Review
- Bacterial Persister Cells as Evolutionary Catalysts of Antibiotic Resistance: Mechanisms, Clinical Implications, and Therapeutic Strategies.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Beyond β-Lactams: Defining the Role of Eravacycline in Multidrug-Resistant and Metallo-β-Lactamase-Producing Infections.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Model-based quantification of immune response and anti-staphylococcal activity of afabicin in immunocompetent mouse thigh infections to enable predictions of clinical efficacy.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2026Article
- Evolutionary digital twin framework for optimal aminoglycoside dosing in neonates with suspected sepsis.NPJ digital medicine · 2026Article
- Uncertainty undermines the validity of antimicrobial pharmacodynamics.Journal of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics · 2026Article
- Mechanism, Efficacy, and Safety of Natural Antibiotics.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamic efficacy prediction indices, and Monte Carlo simulations of enrofloxacin for the treatment of colibacillosis in broiler chickens.Open veterinary journal · 2025Article
- Translating Pharmacokinetic-Pharmacodynamic Principles Into Improved Methodology for Clinical Trials That Compare Intermittent With Prolonged Infusion of Beta-Lactam Antibiotics.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2025Article
- Machine Learning Prediction and Validation of Plasma Concentration-Time Profiles.Molecular pharmaceutics · 2025Article
- Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling of Antibiotics in Children: Perspectives on Model-Informed Precision Dosing.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Article
- The tradeoffs between persistence and mutation rates at sub-inhibitory antibiotic concentrations inMicrobiology spectrum · 2025Article
- Simulation-based evaluation of the impact of dose fractionation study design on antibiotic PKPD analyses.JAC-antimicrobial resistance · 2025Article
- Bicarbonate Within: A Hidden Modulator of Antibiotic Susceptibility.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Enhancing antibiotic therapy through comprehensive pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic principles.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Within a few years after the first successful clinical use of penicillin, investigations were conducted in animal infection models to explore a range of factors that were considered likely to influence the antibacterial response to the drug. Those studies identified that the response was influenced by not only the total daily dose but also the interval between individual doses across the day, and whether penicillin was administered in an intermittent or continuous manner. Later, as more antibiotics were discovered and developed, antimicrobial pharmacologists began to measure antibiotic concentrations in biological fluids. This enabled the linking of antibacterial response at a single time point in an animal or
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.