ArticleFrontiers in neurorobotics2021
Rehabilitation of Acute Vs. Chronic Patients With Spinal Cord Injury With a Neurologically Controlled Hybrid Assistive Limb Exoskeleton: Is There a Difference in Outcome?
Article in Frontiers in neurorobotics, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- "White Cord Syndrome" as clinical manifestation of the spinal cord reperfusion syndrome: a systematic review of risk factors, treatments, and outcome.European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society · 2025Pooled it
- Trial
- Treadmill Training Improves Functional Recovery After Injection of Adipose-Derived Stromal Vascular Fraction in Rats With a Spinal Cord Injury.Journal of neuroscience research · 2026Article
- Hybrid Assistive Limb in orthopaedic rehabilitation: cybernic treatment developed in Japan for neuromotor functional restoration.International orthopaedics · 2026Review
- Article
- Virtual reality rehabilitation to enhance functional recovery initiated from the acute phase following cervical cord injury: A case report.Journal of orthopaedic case reports · 2026Article
- Hybrid 12-Month Exoskeleton Training with Percutaneous Epidural Stimulation After Spinal Cord Injury.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Editorial: Bioengineering for spinal cord injury.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2026Article
- Article
- Impact of Robotic-Assisted Gait Training in Subacute Spinal Cord Injury Patients on Outcome Measure.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Mobile and wearable technologies for the analysis of Ten Meter Walk Test: A concise systematic review.Heliyon · 2023Article
- Robotic rehabilitation therapy using Hybrid Assistive Limb (HAL) for patients with spinal cord lesions: a narrative review.North American Spine Society journal · 2023Article
- Challenges in Translating Regenerative Therapies for Spinal Cord Injury.Topics in spinal cord injury rehabilitation · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the outcome of acute and chronic participants with spinal cord injury (SCI) after 12 weeks of bodyweight supported treadmill training (BWSTT) with a hybrid assistive limb exoskeleton (HAL). Acute participants were defined as ≤12 months between SCI and training, chronic participants >12 months between SCI and training. We assessed whether HAL-assisted BWSTT is advantageous for acute and chronic participants and if length of time post injury impacts the outcome of HAL-assisted BWSTT. As the primary outcome, we assessed the time needed for the 10 meter walk test (10MWT). Hundred and twenty-one individuals participated in a 12-week HAL-assisted BWSTT five times a week. We regularly conducted a 10MWT, a 6 minute walk test (6MWT), and assessed the walking index for spinal cord injury (WISCI II) and lower extremity motor score (LEMS) to evaluate the gait performance without the exoskeleton. Distance and time were recorded by the treadmill while the participant was walking with the exoskeleton. All participants benefit from the 12-week HAL-assisted BWSTT. A significant difference between acute and chronic participants' outcomes was found in 6MWT, LEMS, and WISCI II, though not in 10MWT. Although chronic participants improved significantly lesser than acute participants, they did improve their outcome significantly compared to the beginning. Hybrid assistive limb-assisted BWSTT in the rehabilitation of patients with SCI is advantageous for both acute and chronic patients. We could not define a time related cut-off threshold following SCI for effectiveness of HAL-assisted BWSTT.
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