ArticleJournal of epidemiology2023
Electronic Cigarette Use in 12 European Countries: Results From the TackSHS Survey.
Article in Journal of epidemiology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence and determinants of e-cigarette use in South Asia: a systematic review.BMJ global health · 2025Pooled it
- Comparison of e-Cigarette and Cigarette Use and Dual Use Associations With Disease: Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Public health reports (Washington, D.C. : 1974)Pooled it
- Trends in waterpipe and e-cigarette use among young people in the European Union, 2012-2023: a repeated cross-sectional study.The Lancet regional health. Europe · 2026Article
- Cardiovascular disease in women: traditional and sex-specific risk factors.European heart journal · 2026Review
- Adolescents' perceptions of tobacco and electronic cigarette prevention: Six school-based cohorts (2010/11-2023/24).Addictive behaviors reports · 2026Article
- Differentiated regulation and health spending growth: European evidence from the new SCORE index.Frontiers in health services · 2026Article
- Prevalence of cigarette and e-cigarette dual use and associated factors among people who smoke in China aged 20-69 years.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Nicotine consumption in Poland: from traditional cigarettes to modern products - a scoping review.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Analysis of the Dual Use of Electronic Cigarettes and Conventional Tobacco According to the Survey on Alcohol and Other Drugs in the General Population in Spain (EDADES 2022).International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Article
- Multi-channel marketing exposure and psychoactive substance use in e-cigarettes: a cross-sectional study of Polish adolescents and young adults.International journal of occupational medicine and environmental health · 2025Article
- E -cigarettes and kidney health: current knowledge and future perspectives.International urology and nephrology · 2025Review
- Knowledge, attitude, and practice towards e-cigarettes among adults in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- The Role of Dietary Ingredients and Herbs in the Prevention of Non-Communicable Chronic Liver Disease.Nutrients · 2024Review
- The Pulmonary Perspective: Can E-Cigarettes Be Labeled as Safe Smoking Cessation Tools?American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine · 2024Article
- Secondhand Nicotine Absorption From E-Cigarette Vapor vs Tobacco Smoke in Children.JAMA network open · 2024Article
- Evidence from a Smoking Management Service in a University Teaching Hospital in Dublin, Ireland monitored by repeat surveys, 1997-2022.Preventive medicine reports · 2023Article
- E-cigarette awareness and use, among adult residents in Shanghai, China.Tobacco induced diseases · 2023Article
- Changes in the Use of Tobacco, Alternative Tobacco Products, and Tobacco Alternatives in Germany.Deutsches Arzteblatt international · 2022Article
- The Prevalence of Tobacco, Heated Tobacco, and E-Cigarette Use in Poland: A 2022 Web-Based Cross-Sectional Survey.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Reaping what you sow: England's drastic reduction in childhood secondhand smoke exposure in two decades.The Lancet regional health. Europe · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
17 authors at 11 institutions in 8 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundLimited data on electronic cigarette prevalence, patterns, and settings of use are available from several European countries.
methodsWithin the TackSHS project, a face-to-face survey was conducted in 2017-2018 in 12 European countries (Bulgaria, England, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Poland, Portugal, Romania and Spain). Overall, 11,876 participants, representative of the population aged ⩾15 years in each country, provided information on electronic cigarette.
results2.4% (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.2-2.7%) of the subjects (2.5% among men and 2.4% among women; 0.4% among never, 4.4% among current- and 6.5% among ex-smokers) reported current use of electronic cigarette, ranging from 0.6% in Spain to 7.2% in England. Of the 272 electronic cigarette users, 52.6% were dual users (ie, users of both electronic and conventional cigarettes) and 58.8% used liquids with nicotine. In all, 65.1% reported using electronic cigarette in at least one indoor setting where smoking is forbidden; in particular, at workplaces (34.9%) and bars and restaurants (41.5%). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that electronic cigarette use was lower among older individuals (P for trend <0.001) and higher among individuals with high level of education (P for trend = 0.040). Participants from countries with higher tobacco cigarette prices more frequently reported electronic cigarette use (odds ratio 3.62; 95% CI, 1.80-7.30).
conclusionConsidering the whole adult population of these 12 European countries, more than 8.3 million people use electronic cigarettes. The majority of users also smoked conventional cigarettes, used electronic cigarettes with nicotine, and consumed electronic cigarettes in smoke-free indoor areas.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.