Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34776437›Full record

SynthesisJournal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD2022

Education, Occupational Complexity, and Incident Dementia: A COSMIC Collaborative Cohort Study.

Jinshil Hyun, Charles B Hall, Mindy J Katz, Carol A Derby, Darren M Lipnicki, John D Crawford, Antonio Guaita, Roberta Vaccaro, Annalisa Davin, Ki Woong Kim and 16 more

Abstract readMeta-Analysis
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
34citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

34 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Observational
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Review
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Observational
  16. Social determinants of dementia: A scoping review.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025
    Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

26 authors.

Jinshil HyunSaul R. Korey Department of Neurology, AlbertEinstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
Charles B HallSaul R. Korey Department of Neurology, AlbertEinstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
Mindy J KatzSaul R. Korey Department of Neurology, AlbertEinstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
Carol A DerbySaul R. Korey Department of Neurology, AlbertEinstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
Darren M LipnickiCentre for Healthy Brain Ageing, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
John D CrawfordCentre for Healthy Brain Ageing, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Antonio GuaitaGolgi Cenci Foundation, Italy.
Roberta VaccaroGolgi Cenci Foundation, Italy.
Annalisa DavinGolgi Cenci Foundation, Italy.
Ki Woong KimDepartment of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea.
Ji Won HanDepartment of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
Jong Bin BaeDepartment of Brain & Cognitive Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
Susanne RöhrInstitute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health (ISAP), University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
Steffi Riedel-HellerInstitute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health (ISAP), University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
Mary GanguliUniversity of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
Erin JacobsenUniversity of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
Tiffany F HughesYoungstown State University, Youngstown, OH, USA.
Henry BrodatyCentre for Healthy Brain Ageing, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Nicole A KochanCentre for Healthy Brain Ageing, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Julian TrollorCentre for Healthy Brain Ageing, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Antonio LoboInstituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain.
Javier SantabarbaraInstituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain.
Raul Lopez-AntonInstituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain.
Perminder S SachdevCentre for Healthy Brain Ageing, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Richard B LiptonSaul R. Korey Department of Neurology, AlbertEinstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
for Cohort Studies of Memory in an International Consortium (COSMIC)

Funding

Vascular Structure and Function in Cognitive AgingP01AG003949 · NIA · YESHIVA UNIVERSITY · PI Richard B. LIPTON · 1985 to 2026
$73.9M
Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Prospective Community StudyR37AG023651 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH · PI Carmen Andreescu, MARY GANGULI · 2021 to 2026
$18.2M
A global epidemiology of cognitive impairment and dementia due to Alzheimer's disease and related disorders: the COSMIC CollaborationR01AG057531 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF NEW SOUTH WALES · PI Perminder S SACHDEV · 2023 to 2026
$5.9M
COSMIC: An international consortium to identify risk and protective factors and biomarkers of cognitive ageing and dementia in diverse ethno-racial groups and geographical settingsRF1AG057531 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF NEW SOUTH WALES · PI SACHDEV, PERMINDER S · 2017 to 2020
$2.9M
NIA NIH HHS P01 AG003949NIA NIH HHS R01 AG057531NIA NIH HHS R37 AG023651NIA NIH HHS RF1 AG057531
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundEducation and occupational complexity are main sources of mental engagement during early life and adulthood respectively, but research findings are not conclusive regarding protective effects of these factors against late-life dementia.

objectiveThis project aimed to examine the unique contributions of education and occupational complexity to incident dementia, and to assess the mediating effects of occupational complexity on the association between education and dementia across diverse cohorts.

methodWe used data from 10,195 participants (median baseline age = 74.1, range = 58∼103), representing 9 international datasets from 6 countries over 4 continents. Using a coordinated analysis approach, the accelerated failure time model was applied to each dataset, followed by meta-analysis. In addition, causal mediation analyses were performed.

resultThe meta-analytic results indicated that both education and occupational complexity were independently associated with increased dementia-free survival time, with 28%of the effect of education mediated by occupational complexity. There was evidence of threshold effects for education, with increased dementia-free survival time associated with 'high school completion' or 'above high school' compared to 'middle school completion or below'.

conclusionUsing datasets from a wide range of geographical regions, we found that both early life education and adulthood occupational complexity were independently predictive of dementia. Education and occupational experiences occur during early life and adulthood respectively, and dementia prevention efforts could thus be made at different stages of the life course.

Indexed as

CognitionEducational StatusOccupationsAgedAged, 80 and overDementiaFemaleHumansInternationalityMaleMiddle AgedRisk FactorsCognitive reservecoordinated analysiseducationoccupational complexity

Identifiers

PMID34776437
PMCPMC8748312

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.