Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34776000›Full record

ArticleStem cell research & therapy2021

Bone regeneration in rat calvarial defects using dissociated or spheroid mesenchymal stromal cells in scaffold-hydrogel constructs.

Siddharth Shanbhag, Salwa Suliman, Samih Mohamed-Ahmed, Carina Kampleitner, Mohamed Nageeb Hassan, Patrick Heimel, Toni Dobsak, Stefan Tangl, Anne Isine Bolstad, Kamal Mustafa

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Stem cell research & therapy, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
32citing papers in PubMed
2.7field-weighted citation impact, top 10% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

32 citing papers in PubMed, 53 citations in OpenAlex.

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  12. Osteogenic Potential of 3D-Printed Porous Poly(lactide-ACS applied materials & interfaces · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.

Siddharth ShanbhagCenter for Translational Oral Research (TOR), Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Årstadveien 19, 5009, Bergen, Norway. siddharth.shanbhag@uib.no.
Salwa SulimanCenter for Translational Oral Research (TOR), Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Årstadveien 19, 5009, Bergen, Norway.
Samih Mohamed-AhmedCenter for Translational Oral Research (TOR), Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Årstadveien 19, 5009, Bergen, Norway.
Carina KampleitnerCore Facility Hard Tissue and Biomaterial Research/Karl Donath Laboratory, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
Mohamed Nageeb HassanCenter for Translational Oral Research (TOR), Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Årstadveien 19, 5009, Bergen, Norway.
Patrick HeimelCore Facility Hard Tissue and Biomaterial Research/Karl Donath Laboratory, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
Toni DobsakCore Facility Hard Tissue and Biomaterial Research/Karl Donath Laboratory, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
Stefan TanglCore Facility Hard Tissue and Biomaterial Research/Karl Donath Laboratory, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
Anne Isine BolstadCenter for Translational Oral Research (TOR), Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Årstadveien 19, 5009, Bergen, Norway.
Kamal MustafaCenter for Translational Oral Research (TOR), Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Årstadveien 19, 5009, Bergen, Norway. kamal.mustafa@uib.no.
University of Bergen · NOMedical University of Vienna · ATAustrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration · AT

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThree-dimensional (3D) spheroid culture can promote the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (BMSC). 3D printing offers the possibility to produce customized scaffolds for complex bone defects. The aim of this study was to compare the potential of human BMSC cultured as 2D monolayers or 3D spheroids encapsulated in constructs of 3D-printed poly-L-lactide-co-trimethylene carbonate scaffolds and modified human platelet lysate hydrogels (PLATMC-HPLG) for bone regeneration.

methodsPLATMC-HPLG constructs with 2D or 3D BMSC were assessed for osteogenic differentiation based on gene expression and in vitro mineralization. Subsequently, PLATMC-HPLG constructs with 2D or 3D BMSC were implanted in rat calvarial defects for 12 weeks; cell-free constructs served as controls. Bone regeneration was assessed via in vivo computed tomography (CT), ex vivo micro-CT and histology.

resultsOsteogenic gene expression was significantly enhanced in 3D versus 2D BMSC prior to, but not after, encapsulation in PLATMC-HPLG constructs. A trend for greater in vitro mineralization was observed in constructs with 3D versus 2D BMSC (p > 0.05). In vivo CT revealed comparable bone formation after 4, 8 and 12 weeks in all groups. After 12 weeks, micro-CT revealed substantial regeneration in 2D BMSC (62.47 ± 19.46%), 3D BMSC (51.01 ± 24.43%) and cell-free PLATMC-HPLG constructs (43.20 ± 30.09%) (p > 0.05). A similar trend was observed in the histological analysis.

conclusionDespite a trend for superior in vitro mineralization, constructs with 3D and 2D BMSC performed similarly in vivo. Regardless of monolayer or spheroid cell culture, PLATMC-HPLG constructs represent promising scaffolds for bone tissue engineering applications.

Indexed as

Mesenchymal Stem CellsOsteogenesisAnimalsBone RegenerationCell DifferentiationHydrogelsRatsTissue EngineeringTissue ScaffoldsHydrogelsBone tissue engineeringMSCPlatelet lysateSpheroid cultureXeno-free

Identifiers

PMID34776000
PMCPMC8591809
OpenAlexW3214068222

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.