ArticleBioconjugate chemistry2021
Site-Specific and Stable Conjugation of the SARS-CoV-2 Receptor-Binding Domain to Liposomes in the Absence of Any Other Adjuvants Elicits Potent Neutralizing Antibodies in BALB/c Mice.
Article in Bioconjugate chemistry, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- Measurement of the absolute mass concentration of antigen-specific serum IgG via quantitative Western blotting.Analytical biochemistry · 2026Article
- Virus-like antigen display delivers a stand-alone danger signal through the BCR that circumvents tolerance.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Molecular mechanisms for direct sensing of virus-like antigens by B cells.International immunology · 2026Review
- Unveiling an Immunological Mystery: Deciphering the Durability Divide in Vaccine-Elicited Antibody Responses.Current HIV research · 2026Review
- Article
- Preparation, Conformational Structure, and Proteolytic Activity of Papain Covalently Conjugated to Poly(ethylene glycol)-Tethered Lipid Bilayer Membranes.Biomacromolecules · 2025Article
- Molecular ingredients of an immunogen for long-lasting IgG.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- An Integrated Signaling Threshold Initiates IgG Response toward Virus-like Immunogens.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2024Article
- Minimal Determinants for Lifelong Antiviral Antibody Responses in Mice from a Single Exposure to Virus-like Immunogens at Low Doses.Vaccines · 2024Article
- Immunogenicity of Recombinant Lipid-Based Nanoparticle Vaccines: Danger Signal vs. Helping Hand.Pharmaceutics · 2023Review
- Molecular basis for potent B cell responses to antigen displayed on particles of viral size.Nature immunology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Understanding immune responses toward viral infection will be useful for potential therapeutic intervention and offer insights into the design of prophylactic vaccines. The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the causative agent of the COVID-19 pandemic. To understand the complex immune responses toward SARS-CoV-2 infection, here we developed a method to express and purify the recombinant and engineered viral receptor-binding domain (RBD) to more than 95% purity. We could encapsulate RNA molecules into the interior of a virion-sized liposome. We conjugated the purified RBD proteins onto the surface of the liposome in an orientation-specific manner with defined spatial densities. Both the encapsulation of RNAs and the chemical conjugation of the RBD protein on liposome surfaces were stable under physiologically relevant conditions. In contrast to soluble RBD proteins, a single injection of RBD-conjugated liposomes alone, in the absence of any other adjuvants, elicited RBD-specific B cell responses in BALB/c mice, and the resulting animal sera could potently neutralize HIV-1 pseudovirions that displayed the SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins. These results validate these supramolecular structures as a novel and effective tool to mimic the structure of enveloped viruses, the use of which will allow systematic dissection of the complex B cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.