Trial reportDrug and alcohol dependence2021
Daily use of nicotine replacement medications is related to daily smoking status: An ecological momentary assessment study.
Trial report in Drug and alcohol dependence, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 5 citations in OpenAlex.
- Daily adherence to nicotine replacement therapy in low-income smokers: The role of gender, negative mood, motivation, and self-efficacy.Addictive behaviors · 2023Trial
- Correlates of nicotine patch adherence in daily life.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2025Article
- Mobile Health Interventions for Substance Use Disorders.Annual review of clinical psychology · 2024Review
- Varenicline Combined With Oral Nicotine Replacement Therapy and Smartphone-Based Medication Reminders for Smoking Cessation: Feasibility Randomized Controlled Trial.JMIR formative research · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundFew studies have examined how daily adherence to nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) impacts daily smoking abstinence.
methodsData from a pilot randomized controlled trial of a smartphone-based smoking cessation intervention were used. Separate, generalized linear mixed models examined the association between ecological momentary assessments of NRT use and same-day and next day smoking status. Separate models examined the relationship between daily smoking status and (1) any use of NRT, (2) quantity of nicotine gum used, and (3) nicotine patch wear time. Reasons for medication non-adherence were also examined.
resultsParticipants (n = 77) were predominantly White (66.2%) and female (50.6%), 50.4 years old (SD=11.6) on average, and they smoked an average of 21.8 cigarettes per day (SD=11.0) at baseline. Daily NRT use was significantly associated with a lower likelihood of smoking both within that same day and the following day. While using the gum and patch together, and using the patch alone were associated with reduced odds of same-day and next-day smoking, using the gum alone was not significantly associated with reduced odds of smoking. The most commonly cited reasons for not using the patch or gum was "other" (43.3%), followed by "side effects" (27.1%), and "forgot" (18.9%).
conclusionDaily use of the patch or both the patch and gum was associated with a lower risk of daily smoking. Low levels of nicotine gum use alone may not be an effective cessation strategy. Future studies should further explore reasons for NRT non-compliance, and ways to increase NRT adherence.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.