Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34774128›Full record

ArticleCell2021

A single-cell atlas of chromatin accessibility in the human genome.

Kai Zhang, James D Hocker, Michael Miller, Xiaomeng Hou, Joshua Chiou, Olivier B Poirion, Yunjiang Qiu, Yang E Li, Kyle J Gaulton, Allen Wang and 2 more

Open access · bronzeAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Cell, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 323 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
323citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
29.5field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

323 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 503 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Guideline
  2. Pooled it
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  6. Review
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  12. UnlockingNAR genomics and bioinformatics · 2026
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263 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Kai ZhangLudwig Institute for Cancer Research, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA.
James D HockerLudwig Institute for Cancer Research, La Jolla, CA, USA; Medical Scientist Training Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Michael MillerCenter for Epigenomics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Xiaomeng HouCenter for Epigenomics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Joshua ChiouBiomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Diabetes Research Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Olivier B PoirionCenter for Epigenomics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Yunjiang QiuLudwig Institute for Cancer Research, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Yang E LiLudwig Institute for Cancer Research, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Kyle J GaultonDepartment of Pediatrics, Pediatric Diabetes Research Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Allen WangCenter for Epigenomics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Sebastian PreisslCenter for Epigenomics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Bing RenLudwig Institute for Cancer Research, La Jolla, CA, USA; Center for Epigenomics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA; Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA. Electronic address: biren@health.ucsd.edu.
University of California San Diego · USLudwig Cancer Research · US

Funding

MEDICAL SCIENTIST TRAINING PROGRAMT32GM007198 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI CHI, NEIL C, INSEL, PAUL A · 1985 to 2024
$29.3M
Center for Mammalian Regulatory GenomicsU54HG006997 · NHGRI · LUDWIG INSTITUTE FOR CANCER RES LTD · PI REN, BING · 2012 to 2016
$14.3M
Training Program in Basic Clinical GeneticsT32GM008666 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI HAMILTON, BRUCE A · 1998 to 2021
$8.6M
NHGRI NIH HHS U54 HG006997NIGMS NIH HHS T32 GM007198NIGMS NIH HHS T32 GM008666
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Current catalogs of regulatory sequences in the human genome are still incomplete and lack cell type resolution. To profile the activity of gene regulatory elements in diverse cell types and tissues in the human body, we applied single-cell chromatin accessibility assays to 30 adult human tissue types from multiple donors. We integrated these datasets with previous single-cell chromatin accessibility data from 15 fetal tissue types to reveal the status of open chromatin for ∼1.2 million candidate cis-regulatory elements (cCREs) in 222 distinct cell types comprised of >1.3 million nuclei. We used these chromatin accessibility maps to delineate cell-type-specificity of fetal and adult human cCREs and to systematically interpret the noncoding variants associated with complex human traits and diseases. This rich resource provides a foundation for the analysis of gene regulatory programs in human cell types across tissues, life stages, and organ systems.

Indexed as

Genome, HumanSingle-Cell AnalysisAdultChromatinCluster AnalysisFetusGenetic VariationGenome-Wide Association StudyHumansOrgan SpecificityPhylogenyRegulatory Sequences, Nucleic AcidRisk FactorsChromatinchromatin accessibilitycis regulatory elementsenhancersepigenomeGWASnoncoding variantssingle cell ATAC-seq

Identifiers

PMID34774128
PMCPMC8664161
OpenAlexW3214158901

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.