ArticleHuman resources for health2021
Do health policies address the availability, accessibility, acceptability, and quality of human resources for health? Analysis over three decades of National Health Policy of India.
Article in Human resources for health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 12 citations in OpenAlex.
- Scaling-up skilled health professionals in the rural Indian public health system: projections for 2030.BMC health services research · 2026Article
- Role of digital health interventions in strengthening human resources for primary healthcare systems in India: A systematic review.Journal of education and health promotion · 2026Review
- Optimising healthcare workforce training and deployment: qualitative experiences from stakeholders in Tanzania.BMJ open · 2025Article
- Physical accessibility, availability, financial affordability, and acceptability of mobile health clinics in remote areas of Saudi Arabia.Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2023Article
- Evaluating the status of the Lancet Commission on Global Surgery indicators for India.The Lancet regional health. Southeast Asia · 2023Review
- Prioritization of surgical, obstetric, trauma, and anesthesia care in India over seven decades: A systematic analysis of policy documents.PLOS global public health · 2023Article
- Type of Findings Generated by the Occupational Therapy Workforce Research Worldwide: Scoping Review and Content Analysis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Life-Course Access to Speech and Language Therapy: A Rights-Based AAAQ Policy Mapping in Türkiye and Four Comparator Settings.International journal of language & communication disordersArticle
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundHuman Resources for Health (HRH) are crucial for improving health services coverage and population health outcomes. The World Health Organisation (WHO) promotes countries to formulate holistic policies that focus on four HRH dimensions-availability, accessibility, acceptability, and quality (AAAQ). The status of these dimensions and their incorporation in the National Health Policies of India (NHPIs) are not well known.
methodsWe created a multilevel framework of strategies and actions directed to improve AAAQ HRH dimensions. HRH-related recommendations of NHPI-1983, 2002, and 2017 were classified according to targeted dimensions and cadres using the framework. We identified the dimensions and cadres focussed by NHPIs using the number of mentions. Furthermore, we introduce a family of dimensionwise deficit indices formulated to assess situational HRH deficiencies for census years (1981, 2001, and 2011) and over-year trends. Finally, we evaluated whether or not the HRH recommendations in NHPIs addressed the deficient cadres and dimensions of the pre-NHPI census years.
resultsNHPIs focused more on HRH availability and quality compared to accessibility and acceptability. Doctors were prioritized over auxiliary nurses-midwives and pharmacists in terms of total recommendations. AAAQ indices showed deficits in all dimensions for almost all HRH cadres over the years. All deficit indices show a general decreasing trend from 1981 to 2011 except for the accessibility deficit. The recommendations in NHPIs did not correspond to the situational deficits in many instances indicating a policy priority mismatch.
conclusionIndia needs to incorporate AAAQ dimensions in its policies and monitor their progress. The framework and indices-based approach can help identify the gaps between targeted and needed dimensions and cadres for effective HRH strengthening. At the global level, the application of framework and indices will allow a comparison of the strengths and weaknesses of HRH-related policies of various nations.
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