ArticleNeurology and therapy2022
Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy as a Target Navigator for rTMS Modulation in Patients with Hemiplegia: A Randomized Control Study.
Article in Neurology and therapy, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT02006615 (The Role of Primary Motor Cortex and Prefrontal Cortex for Facilitation of Motor System and Working Memory in Stroke, Parkinson, and Elderly Patients), which is not on this map. Cited by 14 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
The Role of Primary Motor Cortex and Prefrontal Cortex for Facilitation of Motor System and Working Memory in Stroke, Parkinson, and Elderly Patients
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- A systematic review of functional near-infrared spectroscopy-based task paradigms in stroke rehabilitation.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2025Pooled it
- Theta-burst stimulation as a therapeutic tool in neurological pathology: a systematic review.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2024Pooled it
- Effects of bihemispheric transcranial direct current stimulation on motor recovery in subacute stroke patients: a double-blind, randomized sham-controlled trial.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2023Trial
- tDCS synchronous robotic training on lower-limb with post-stroke hemiplegia: a comparative study between synchronous and sequential group.Annals of medicine · 2026Article
- Clinical development and guiding theory of transcranial magnetic stimulation: a literature review.Annals of medicine · 2025Review
- Effects of Navigated rTMS on Post-Stroke Upper-Limb Function: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.Brain sciences · 2025Review
- Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation improves cortical functional topological properties and intracortical facilitation in patients with Parkinson's disease.NPJ Parkinson's disease · 2025Article
- The Potential of Near-Infrared Spectroscopy as a Therapeutic Tool Following a Stroke (Review).Sovremennye tekhnologii v meditsine · 2025Review
- Applications of Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) Neuroimaging During Rehabilitation Following Stroke: A Review.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2024Review
- Effects of low-frequency rTMS combined with speech and language therapy on Broca's aphasia in subacute stroke patients.Frontiers in neurology · 2024Article
- The effect of body weight-supported Tai Chi Yunshou on upper limb motor function in stroke survivors based on neurobiomechanical analysis: a four-arm, parallel-group, assessors-blind randomized controlled trial protocol.Frontiers in neurology · 2024Article
- The stratified effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in upper limb motor impairment recovery after stroke: a meta-analysis.Frontiers in neurology · 2024Article
- Article
- Transcranial magnetic stimulation combined with functional near-infrared spectroscopy to elucidate the neurophysiological mechanisms of post-stroke hemiplegia: a systematic review.Frontiers in neurologyReview
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
introductionAlthough repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is efficacious for motor neuromodulation in stroke survivors, high interindividual variability for responsiveness remains a concern. Target probing on the skull using a proper brain-mapping technique may help overcome this challenge. This study assessed the feasibility of functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) as a target navigator in rTMS treatment for motor facilitation in patients with stroke.
methodsFifty-one patients with stroke were enrolled in this randomized controlled study. The patients were assigned to three groups: fNIRS-guided rTMS treatment (fNIRS group, n = 20), motor evoked potential (MEP)-guided rTMS treatment (MEP group, n = 16), and sham (n = 15) group. Motor assessments, including Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA), Wolf Motor Function Test (WMFT), and muscle strength, were conducted at baseline and after the 10-session rTMS treatment.
resultsThe fNIRS-guided hotspot (fNIRS-HS) was obtained for each patient, even those for whom the MEP-guided hotspot was undetectable. Both intervention groups exhibited significant improvements in muscle strength, FMA, and WMFT scores (P < 0.001) compared with the sham group. The fNIRS group achieved significantly greater improvement in elbow function (P = 0.001) than the MEP group.
conclusionfNIRS can be a reliable tool for hotspot navigation for motor neuromodulation in patients with stroke. With high sensitivity to cortical oxygenation changes, this navigation system achieved a superior outcome to the traditional MEP-based method in patients with stroke. fNIRS-based systems may also facilitate the integration of machine learning, thus enabling precision medicine for neuromodulation.
trial registrationhttps://clinicaltrials.gov ; Unique identifier: NCT02006615.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.