ArticleAnalytical and bioanalytical chemistry2022
AFM investigation of APAC (antiplatelet and anticoagulant heparin proteoglycan).
Article in Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed, 3 citations in OpenAlex.
- Interactions of dual antiplatelet and anticoagulant with C1q and FH regulate complement activation by injured cells.Blood vessels, thrombosis & hemostasis · 2026Article
- Thrombosis and Inflammation-A Dynamic Interplay and the Role of Glycosaminoglycans and Activated Protein C.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Antiplatelet and anticoagulant drugs are classified antithrombotic agents with the purpose to reduce blood clot formation. For a successful treatment of many known complex cardiovascular diseases driven by platelet and/or coagulation activity, the need of more than one antithrombotic agent is inevitable. However, combining drugs with different mechanisms of action enhances risk of bleeding. Dual anticoagulant and antiplatelet (APAC), a novel semisynthetic antithrombotic molecule, provides both anticoagulant and antiplatelet properties in preclinical studies. APAC is entering clinical studies with this new exciting approach to manage cardiovascular diseases. For a better understanding of the biological function of APAC, comprehensive knowledge of its structure is essential. In this study, atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to characterize APAC according to its structure and to investigate the molecular interaction of APAC with von Willebrand factor (VWF), since specific binding of APAC to VWF could reduce platelet accumulation at vascular injury sites. By the optimization of drop-casting experiments, we were able to determine the volume of an individual APAC molecule at around 600 nm
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.