Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34773325›Full record

ArticleHealth economics2022

Impact of COVID-19 lockdowns on mental health: Evidence from a quasi-natural experiment in England and Scotland.

Manuel Serrano-Alarcón, Alexander Kentikelenis, Martin Mckee, David Stuckler

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Health economics, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
37citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

37 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. When Infodemic Meets Epidemic: Systematic Literature Review.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2025
    Pooled it
  2. Impact of COVID-19 on Depression, Anxiety and Stress of Dental Students: A Systematic Review.European journal of dental education : official journal of the Association for Dental Education in Europe · 2025
    Pooled it
  3. Article
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  5. Non-communicable diseases, COVID-19 and labour market outcomes.The European journal of health economics : HEPAC : health economics in prevention and care · 2026
    Article
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  11. The quality of life impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and lockdowns for people living with multiple sclerosis (MS): evidence from the Australian MS Longitudinal Study.Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation · 2024
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Manuel Serrano-AlarcónDONDENA Centre for Research on Social Dynamics and Public Policy, Bocconi University, Milano, Italy.ORCID 0000-0001-5256-5538
Alexander KentikelenisDONDENA Centre for Research on Social Dynamics and Public Policy, Bocconi University, Milano, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-1543-4595
Martin MckeeDepartment of Health Services Research and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, University of London, London, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-0121-9683
David StucklerDONDENA Centre for Research on Social Dynamics and Public Policy, Bocconi University, Milano, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-1288-8401

Funding

Fondazione Cariplo 2019-0863Norges Forskningsråd 288638
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic has been associated with worsening mental health but it is unclear whether this is a direct consequence of containment measures, like "Stay at Home" orders, or due to other considerations, such as fear and uncertainty about becoming infected. It is also unclear how responsive mental health is to a changing situation. Exploiting the different policy responses to COVID-19 in England and Scotland and using a difference-in-difference analysis, we show that easing lockdown measures rapidly improves mental health. The results were driven by individuals with lower socioeconomic position, in terms of education or financial situation, who benefited more from the end of the strict lockdown, whereas they suffered a larger decline in mental health where the lockdown was extended. Overall, mental health appears to be more sensitive to the imposition of containment policies than to the evolution of the pandemic itself. As lockdown measures may continue to be necessary in the future, further efforts (both financial and mental health support) are required to minimize the consequences of COVID-19 containment policies for mental health.

Indexed as

COVID-19Communicable Disease ControlEnglandHumansMental HealthPandemicsSARS-CoV-2COVID-19healthhealth inequalitylockdownmental health

Identifiers

PMID34773325
PMCPMC8646947

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.