ReviewImmunogenetics2022
The Hydractinia allorecognition system.
Review in Immunogenetics, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed.
- Novel cell and tissue dynamics drive the unusual biology of the catch tentacle, an inducible organ of aggression found in the sea anemonebioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Engineered kin recognition specificities in the TraA cell surface receptor.The ISME journal · 2026Article
- An updated and spatially validated somatic single-cell atlas of Hydractinia symbiolongicarpus.BMC genomics · 2025Article
- Towards a Research Programme Aiming at Causes and Consequences of Reticulate Evolution.Biology · 2025Review
- How Single-Cell Transcriptomics of Hydractinia Is Informing the Evolution of Cnidarian Sensory Systems.Integrative and comparative biology · 2025Review
- An updated and spatially validated somatic single-cell atlas ofbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- The Hydractinia cell atlas reveals cellular and molecular principles of cnidarian coloniality.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Pluripotent, germ cell competent adult stem cells underlie cnidarian regenerative ability and clonal growth.Current biology : CB · 2023Article
- Multiple Alr genes exhibit allorecognition-associated variation in the colonial cnidarian Hydractinia.Immunogenetics · 2022Article
- The evolution of innate immune receptors: investigating the diversity, distribution, and phylogeny of immune recognition across eukaryotes.Immunogenetics · 2022Article
- Neural Cell Type Diversity in Cnidaria.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
1 author.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Hydractinia symbiolongicarpus is a colonial hydroid and a long-standing model system for the study of invertebrate allorecognition. The Hydractinia allorecognition system allows colonies to discriminate between their own tissues and those of unrelated conspecifics that co-occur with them on the same substrate. This recognition mediates spatial competition and mitigates the risk of stem cell parasitism. Here, I review how we have come to our current understanding of the molecular basis of allorecognition in Hydractinia. To date, two allodeterminants have been identified, called Allorecognition 1 (Alr1) and Allorecognition 2 (Alr2), which occupy a genomic region called the allorecognition complex (ARC). Both genes encode highly polymorphic cell surface proteins that are capable of homophilic binding, which is thought to be the mechanism of self/non-self discrimination. Here, I review how we have come to our current understanding of Alr1 and Alr2. Although both are members of the immunoglobulin superfamily, their evolutionary origins remain unknown. Moreover, existing data suggest that the ARC may be home to a family of Alr-like genes, and I speculate on their potential functions.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.