Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34772813›Full record

ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2021

Trading bits in the readout from a genetic network.

Marianne Bauer, Mariela D Petkova, Thomas Gregor, Eric F Wieschaus, William Bialek

Open access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
17citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact, top 100% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

17 citing papers in PubMed, 0 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Positional information and information flows in dynamic tissues.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026
    Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Dynamics of positional information in the vertebrate neural tube.Journal of the Royal Society, Interface · 2024
    Article
  8. Information content and optimization of self-organized developmental systems.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024
    Article
  9. Trade-offs between cost and information in cellular prediction.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2023
    Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Review
  14. Latent space of a small genetic network: Geometry of dynamics and information.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2022
    Article
  15. Article
  16. Review
  17. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.

Marianne BauerJoseph Henry Laboratories of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544; mb67@princeton.edu wbialek@princeton.edu.ORCID 0000-0002-1191-986X
Mariela D PetkovaProgram in Biophysics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138.
Thomas GregorJoseph Henry Laboratories of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544.
Eric F WieschausLewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544.
William BialekJoseph Henry Laboratories of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544; mb67@princeton.edu wbialek@princeton.edu.
Howard Hughes Medical Institute · USHarvard University · USInstitut Pasteur · FRThe Graduate Center, CUNY · US

Funding

The Biophysical and Molecular Mechanisms of Reliability in DevelopmentR01GM097275 · NIGMS · PRINCETON UNIVERSITY · PI GREGOR, THOMAS · 2011 to 2024
$4.9M
Control of the 4D chromatin landscape underlying gene activity during developmentU01DK127429 · NIDDK · PRINCETON UNIVERSITY · PI GREGOR, THOMAS, LEVINE, MICHAEL STEVEN · 2020 to 2024
$3.2M
Imaging chromosome dynamics and measuring its impact on transcriptional activityU01EB021239 · NIBIB · PRINCETON UNIVERSITY · PI GREGOR, THOMAS, LEVINE, MICHAEL STEVEN · 2015 to 2017
$1.1M
Imaging chromosome dynamics and measuring its impact on transcriptional activityU01DA047730 · NIDA · PRINCETON UNIVERSITY · PI GREGOR, THOMAS, LEVINE, MICHAEL STEVEN · 2018 to 2019
$740k
Howard Hughes Medical InstituteNIBIB NIH HHS U01 EB021239NIDA NIH HHS U01 DA047730NIDDK NIH HHS U01 DK127429NIGMS NIH HHS R01 GM097275
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

In the regulation of gene expression, information of relevance to the organism is represented by the concentrations of transcription factor molecules. To extract this information the cell must effectively "measure" these concentrations, but there are physical limits to the precision of these measurements. We use the gap gene network in the early fly embryo as an example of the tradeoff between the precision of concentration measurements and the transmission of relevant information. For thresholded measurements we find that lower thresholds are more important, and fine tuning is not required for near-optimal information transmission. We then consider general sensors, constrained only by a limit on their information capacity, and find that thresholded sensors can approach true information theoretic optima. The information theoretic approach allows us to identify the optimal sensor for the entire gap gene network and to argue that the physical limitations of sensing necessitate the observed multiplicity of enhancer elements, with sensitivities to combinations rather than single transcription factors.

Indexed as

AnimalsDipteraGene Expression RegulationGene Regulatory NetworksModels, BiologicalTranscription FactorsTranscription Factorsdevelopmentgene regulationinformation bottlenecksensing

Identifiers

PMID34772813
PMCPMC8609648
OpenAlexW3115964575

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.