Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34772504›Full record

Observational studyAddictive behaviors2022

Preferred flavors and tobacco use patterns in adult dual users of cigarettes and ENDS.

Eva C Rest, Kristin N Brikmanis, Robin J Mermelstein

Registry-linked trialOpen access · greenAbstract readObservational Study
In one paragraph

Observational study in Addictive behaviors, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07698470 (Cue-Exposure Response Evaluation), which is not on this map. Cited by 13 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
13citing papers in PubMed
1.4field-weighted citation impact, top 18% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT07698470 narecruitingnot on this mapstarted 2026, after this paper: background citation

Cue-Exposure Response Evaluation: Brain Reactivity to ONPs

TypeinterventionalSponsorUniversity of Southern CaliforniaRan2026 to 2027Enrolled45ConditionsNicotine DependenceArmsOral Nicotine Pouch, Smoking Cue Reactivity Task
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

13 citing papers in PubMed, 18 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Trial
  2. Article
  3. Chemosensory tobacco product toxicology part 2: toxicological testing, assays, and state of the science.Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology · 2025
    Review
  4. Chemosensory tobacco product toxicology part 1: sensory mechanisms.Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology · 2025
    Review
  5. Article
  6. Review
  7. Article
  8. Pleasure and Satisfaction as Predictors of Future Cigarette and E-cigarette Use: A Novel Two-Stage Modeling Approach.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2024
    Observational
  9. Article
  10. Review
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Eva C RestInstitute for Health Research and Policy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States.
Kristin N BrikmanisInstitute for Health Research and Policy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States; Psychology Department, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States.
Robin J MermelsteinInstitute for Health Research and Policy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States; Psychology Department, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States. Electronic address: robinm@uic.edu.
University of Illinois Chicago · US

Funding

Strengthening Stakeholder Engagement in Human Research Protections.UL1TR002003 · NCATS · UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT CHICAGO · PI KARNIK, NIRANJAN SUBHASH, MERMELSTEIN, ROBIN J. · 2016 to 2024
$33.7M
Context and Subjective Experience Surrounding Dual Cigarette and E Cigarette UseR01CA184681 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT CHICAGO · PI MERMELSTEIN, ROBIN J. · 2015 to 2019
$4.1M
NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR002003NCI NIH HHS R01 CA184681
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesThis study examined how adult dual users of cigarettes and electronic nicotine delivery system (ENDS) flavor preference varied by demographics, tobacco history, motives, and expectancies for ENDS, and how ENDS flavor preference was associated with changes in cigarette and ENDS use over 12 months.

methodsData come from the baseline and 12-month waves of an observational study of adult dual cigarette and ENDS users (N = 406). Flavor preferences were grouped into 4 categories: tobacco (12.6%), menthol/mint (34.7%), sweet (44.8%), and other (7.9%).

resultsUsers of sweet-flavored ENDS were significantly younger than those who used tobacco- or menthol flavors. Black dual users were significantly more likely than other racial groups to use menthol and less likely to use sweet flavors. Dual users who preferred sweet flavors smoked cigarettes on fewer days than those who preferred tobacco and menthol flavors, were less cigarette dependent, more strongly endorsed boredom reduction expectancies and motives related to taste and sensory experience and were more likely to stop smoking by 12 months.

conclusionsDual users of cigarettes and ENDS who preferred sweet flavored ENDS differed in demographics, tobacco history, motives, expectancies, and smoking changes. Findings have implications for interventions and regulations.

Indexed as

Electronic Nicotine Delivery SystemsTobacco ProductsVapingAdultHumansTasteTobacco SmokingDual users of cigarettes and ENDSE-cigarettesFlavors

Identifiers

PMID34772504
PMCPMC8629959
OpenAlexW3209671344

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.