ReviewCancers2021
Resistance Mechanisms to Combined CDK4/6 Inhibitors and Endocrine Therapy in ER+/HER2- Advanced Breast Cancer: Biomarkers and Potential Novel Treatment Strategies.
Review in Cancers, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- Dynamic circulating tumor DNA profiling of ESR1 mutations in HR+/HER2- advanced breast cancer: from prognostic biomarker to clinical decision-making - a comprehensive review.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Pooled it
- Elacestrant in hormone receptor-positive metastatic breast cancer: a post-hoc analysis.Exploration of targeted anti-tumor therapy · 2025Pooled it
- An Overview of the Safety Profile and Clinical Impact of CDK4/6 Inhibitors in Breast Cancer-A Systematic Review of Randomized Phase II and III Clinical Trials.Biomolecules · 2023Pooled it
- Activating mutations in ESR1 contribute to an immunosuppressive breast tumor microenvironment by dampening cytokine secretion.JCI insight · 2026Article
- OPERA-01: a phase III study of palazestrant for ER+, HER2- advanced breast cancer after CDK4/6 inhibitor therapy.Future oncology (London, England) · 2026Article
- Datopotamab deruxtecan-associated select adverse events: clinical practices and institutional protocols on prophylaxis, monitoring, and management.The oncologist · 2025Article
- Article
- MAZ-mediated tumor progression and immune evasion in hormone receptor-positive breast cancer: Targeting tumor microenvironment and PCLAF+ subtype-specific therapy.Translational oncology · 2025Article
- Targeting CD200 in Breast Cancer: Opportunities and Challenges in Immunotherapeutic Strategies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Predicting clinical benefit from continuation of cyclin dependent kinase (CDK) 4/6 inhibitors beyond progression.Annals of translational medicine · 2023Article
- Real-World Outcomes of CDK4/6 Inhibitors Treatment in Metastatic Breast Cancer in Romania.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Prognostic value of [18F]-FDG PET/CT in patients with meta-static breast cancer treated with cyclin-dependent inhibitors.Frontiers in oncology · 2023Article
- New Advances in Targeted Therapy of HER2-Negative Breast Cancer.Frontiers in oncology · 2022Review
- A narrative review of the clinical development of CDK4/6 inhibitor abemaciclib in breast cancer.Translational breast cancer research : a journal focusing on translational research in breast cancer · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The introduction of CDK4/6 inhibitors (CDK4/6i) in combination with endocrine therapy (ET) has revolutionized the treatment landscape for patients with estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) advanced breast cancer (ABC) and has become the new standard treatment. However, resistance to this combined therapy inevitably develops and represents a major clinical challenge in the management of ER+ ABC. Currently, elucidation of the resistance mechanisms, identification of predictive biomarkers, and development of novel effective combined targeted treatments to overcome the resistance are active areas of research. Given the heterogeneity of the resistance mechanisms towards combined CDK4/6i and ET, identification of a single universal predictive biomarker of resistance is unlikely. Novel approaches are being explored, including examination of multiple genetic alterations in circulating cell-free tumor DNA in liquid biopsies from ABC patients with disease progression on combined CDK4/6i and ET treatment. Here, we review the molecular basis of the main known resistance mechanisms towards combined CDK4/6i and ET and associated potential biomarkers. As inhibiting key molecules in the pathways driving resistance may play an important role in the selection of therapeutic strategies for patients who experience disease progression on combined CDK4/6i and ET, we also review preclinical and early phase clinical data on novel combination therapies for these patients.
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Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.