ReviewCancers2021
Biological Mechanisms and Therapeutic Opportunities in Mammographic Density and Breast Cancer Risk.
Review in Cancers, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- Body mass index-associated gut microbial taxa and functional pathways in women with benign and malignant breast disease.Breast cancer research and treatment · 2026Article
- Increased Toll-Like Receptor-4 Signalling in Breast Tissue of High Fibroglandular Density.Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia · 2026Article
- Trace element imbalances in selenium and mercury in relation to mammographic density and breast cancer progression: a case‒control study.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Mammographic density and breast cancer pathological subtypes by menopausal status and body mass index.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2025Article
- DNA damage response inhibition is an early event in cadmium-induced breast carcinogenesis.Toxicology and applied pharmacology · 2025Article
- Reproductive determinants of mammographic density in black women.Cancer causes & control : CCC · 2025Article
- Mammographic calcifications association with risk of advanced breast cancer.Breast cancer research and treatment · 2025Article
- Parental loss at age birth to 21 years and daughters' breast cancer and tumor characteristics.JNCI cancer spectrum · 2025Article
- A Deep Learning Approach for the Classification of Fibroglandular Breast Density in Histology Images of Human Breast Tissue.Cancers · 2025Article
- Cancer-associated fibroblasts in carcinogenesis.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Review
- Association between breastfeeding, mammographic density, and breast cancer risk: a review.International breastfeeding journal · 2024Review
- TGF-β signaling: critical nexus of fibrogenesis and cancer.Journal of translational medicine · 2024Review
- Mammographic density mediates the protective effect of early-life body size on breast cancer risk.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Factors Associated with Increased Knowledge about Breast Density in South Australian Women Undergoing Breast Cancer Screening.Cancers · 2024Article
- Article
- The mediating role of mammographic density in the protective effect of early-life adiposity on breast cancer risk: a multivariable Mendelian randomization study.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2023Article
- CCL2-Mediated Stromal Interactions Drive Macrophage Polarization to Increase Breast Tumorigenesis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Mammographic Density Reduction is Associated to the Prognosis in Asian Breast Cancer Patients Receiving Hormone Therapy.Cancer control : journal of the Moffitt Cancer CenterArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Mammographic density is an important risk factor for breast cancer; women with extremely dense breasts have a four to six fold increased risk of breast cancer compared to women with mostly fatty breasts, when matched with age and body mass index. High mammographic density is characterised by high proportions of stroma, containing fibroblasts, collagen and immune cells that suggest a pro-tumour inflammatory microenvironment. However, the biological mechanisms that drive increased mammographic density and the associated increased risk of breast cancer are not yet understood. Inflammatory factors such as monocyte chemotactic protein 1, peroxidase enzymes, transforming growth factor beta, and tumour necrosis factor alpha have been implicated in breast development as well as breast cancer risk, and also influence functions of stromal fibroblasts. Here, the current knowledge and understanding of the underlying biological mechanisms that lead to high mammographic density and the associated increased risk of breast cancer are reviewed, with particular consideration to potential immune factors that may contribute to this process.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.