ReviewCancers2021
Immunotherapy in Medulloblastoma: Current State of Research, Challenges, and Future Perspectives.
Review in Cancers, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Outcomes of immunotherapy in medulloblastoma: a systematic review.The oncologist · 2026Pooled it
- Prognostic role of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 expression in solid tumors: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in oncology · 2022Pooled it
- Identification of Markers on the Basis of Transcriptomic Analysis for Molecular Assignment of Medulloblastoma.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Tumor Microenvironmental Regulation of CAR T-Cell Therapy in High Risk Medulloblastoma.Research square · 2026Article
- Ultrasound-Enhanced Drug Delivery in Pediatric Neuro-Oncology: A New Therapeutic Strategy.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- Profiling T-cell activity and exclusion in pediatric medulloblastoma highlights immunotherapy-responsive subgroups.Journal of neuro-oncology · 2026Article
- Immune checkpoint inhibitors in medulloblastoma: current updates in preclinical and clinical developments.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Review
- Immunotherapy in central nervous system tumors.International journal of surgery (London, England) · 2025Review
- EZH2 inhibitor and Vismodegib synergistically inhibit the growth and metastasis of medulloblastoma.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2025Article
- High B7-H3 protein expression in Medulloblastoma is associated with metastasis and unfavorable patient outcomes.Diagnostic pathology · 2025Article
- Medulloblastoma: biology and immunotherapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors for Pediatric Cancers: Is It Still a Stalemate?Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Review
- Exploring the Molecular Complexity of Medulloblastoma: Implications for Diagnosis and Treatment.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Effect of Autograft CD34Transplantation and cellular therapy · 2023Article
- Cellular immunotherapy for medulloblastoma.Neuro-oncology · 2023Review
- Digital expression profile of immune checkpoint genes in medulloblastomas identifies CD24 and CD276 as putative immunotherapy targets.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Immunotherapy for Pediatric Brain and Spine Tumors: Current State and Future Directions.Pediatric neurosurgery · 2023Review
- Medulloblastoma in the Modern Era: Review of Contemporary Trials, Molecular Advances, and Updates in Management.Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2022Review
- Subgroup-Specific Diagnostic, Prognostic, and Predictive Markers Influencing Pediatric Medulloblastoma Treatment.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Medulloblastoma (MB), a primary tumor of the central nervous system, is among the most prevalent pediatric neoplasms. The median age of diagnosis is six. Conventional therapies include surgical resection of the tumor with subsequent radiation and chemotherapy. However, these therapies often cause severe brain damage, and still, approximately 75% of pediatric patients relapse within a few years. Because the conventional therapies cause such severe damage, especially in the pediatric developing brain, there is an urgent need for better treatment strategies such as immunotherapy, which over the years has gained accumulating interest. Cancer immunotherapy aims to enhance the body's own immune response to tumors and is already widely used in the clinic, e.g., in the treatment of melanoma and lung cancer. However, little is known about the possible application of immunotherapy in brain cancer. In this review, we will provide an overview of the current consensus on MB classification and the state of in vitro, in vivo, and clinical research concerning immunotherapy in MB. Based on existing evidence, we will especially focus on immune checkpoint inhibition and CAR T-cell therapy. Additionally, we will discuss challenges associated with these immunotherapies and relevant strategies to overcome those.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.