ReviewCancers2021
Enhancing T Cell Chemotaxis and Infiltration in Glioblastoma.
Review in Cancers, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
- T cell immunity in glioma and potential implications for immunotherapy: A systematic review.Neuro-oncology · 2026Pooled it
- Hypothalamic neurovascular and extracellular matrix remodeling: Cellular niche orchestration of immune-metabolic adaptation to nutritional stress.Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders · 2026Review
- Immunotherapy for Glioma: A compartmental framework for resistance and rational combination design.Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2026Review
- Emerging immune checkpoint targets and combination strategies in blood cancer immunotherapy.Annals of hematology · 2026Review
- CD4+T cell metabolic reprogramming as therapeutic targets in neurodegenerative diseases.Molecular brain · 2026Review
- Exploring the Link Between Stress-Induced Naive T-Cells and Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Risk: A Multi-Omics Investigation.Annals of surgical oncology · 2026Article
- The Extracellular Matrix, the Silent 'Architect' of Glioma.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Meningeal immunity and "Interstitial" therapy: a new paradigm for immunotherapy in glioblastoma.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Plantaricin BM-1 enhances anti-colorectal cancer effects by inhibiting CD8+ cytotoxic T cell apoptosis via the ERK/AP1/Bim signaling pathway.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Significance of the association between hypoxia and pyroptosis-related genes in the prognostic prediction of glioblastoma: insights from model construction and validation.Translational cancer research · 2025Article
- IL-7-mediated expansion of autologous lymphocytes increases CD8bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Curative timed NK cell-based immunochemotherapy aborts brain tumour recurrence driven by mesenchymal glioma stem cells.Acta neuropathologica communications · 2025Article
- Review
- Review
- Current Landscape of Cancer Immunotherapy: Harnessing the Immune Arsenal to Overcome Immune Evasion.Biology · 2024Review
- Review
- Key Cell-in-Cell Related Genes are Identified by Bioinformatics and Experiments in Glioblastoma.Cancer management and research · 2024Article
- Identification and validation of potential prognostic biomarkers in glioblastoma via the mesenchymal stem cell infiltration level.Frontiers in oncology · 2024Article
- Hallmarks of the Tumour Microenvironment of Gliomas and Its Interaction with Emerging Immunotherapy Modalities.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Glioblastoma is an immunologically 'cold' tumor, which are characterized by absent or minimal numbers of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). For those tumors that have been invaded by lymphocytes, they are profoundly exhausted and ineffective. While many immunotherapy approaches seek to reinvigorate immune cells at the tumor, this requires TILs to be present. Therefore, to unleash the full potential of immunotherapy in glioblastoma, the trafficking of lymphocytes to the tumor is highly desirable. However, the process of T cell recruitment into the central nervous system (CNS) is tightly regulated. Naïve T cells may undergo an initial licensing process to enter the migratory phenotype necessary to enter the CNS. T cells then must express appropriate integrins and selectin ligands to interact with transmembrane proteins at the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Finally, they must interact with antigen-presenting cells and undergo further licensing to enter the parenchyma. These T cells must then navigate the tumor microenvironment, which is rich in immunosuppressive factors. Altered tumoral metabolism also interferes with T cell motility. In this review, we will describe these processes and their mediators, along with potential therapeutic approaches to enhance trafficking. We also discuss safety considerations for such approaches as well as potential counteragents.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.